罗氏沼虾产业在中国持续增长的经济与社会原因分析

罗氏沼虾作为外来物种自1976年引入中国大陆已有30多年历史。到2009年,全国罗氏沼虾年育苗量达250×108尾以上,养殖面积约3×104 hm2,养殖产量超过13.5×104 t,养殖产值超3.0×109元,已连续10年成为世界第一的罗氏沼虾养殖大国。其持续增长的原因有：1、罗氏沼虾优良生物学特性是其产业发展的前提;2、苗种繁育和商品虾养殖技术的进步支撑了产业的发展;3、对虾养殖产业的波动为罗氏沼虾养殖产业的增长提供了机会;4、中国经济发展带动了国内罗氏沼虾的消费市场;5、政府支持和水产技术推广是罗氏沼虾产业发展的保障和技术支撑。罗氏沼虾生长迅速、养殖时间短、市场稳定、经济效益显著,已成为我国主要淡水养殖虾类。因此,推广罗氏沼虾的健康养殖应是农民脱贫致富的一条有效途径。

Social and Economical Factors of Sustained Growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Industry in Mainland China

It has been more than 30 years since the Macrobrachium rosenbergii,an exotic species,was first introduced into mainland China in 1976.Till 2009,China has had the biggest farming industry of this species in the world for ten years,with annual productions of over 25 billion postlarvae,135 thousand metric tons of grow-outs,the gross monetary value of the aquaculture is estimated to have reached over 3 billion RMB,and an allocation of 30 thousand hectares of farming area.The development of M.rosenbergii industry in China is sustained by：（1） the excellent biological characteristics of this species;（2）technological advances in prawn hatchery and grow-out farming;（3）fluctuation of marine shrimp farming;（4）economic development of China;（5） government policies.In conclusion,M.rosenbergii has some advantages： fast growth,short farming time,steady market,high profit,and now is one of the major cultivated shrimp species in China,the authors believe that M.rosenbergii farming is an effective way to overcome poverty and achieve prosperity for farmer in developing countries.