性别对杜陆猪肉品质及风味影响的代谢组学分析

试验旨在了解不同性别杜陆猪不同组织的代谢差异及这些代谢差异对肉品质和风味产生的影响，为性别因素对猪肉品质和风味研究方面的影响提供基础代谢依据。试验选取16头（公母各半）8月龄、体重相近的杜陆猪，采用气相色谱质谱联用技术（GC/MS）对公猪和母猪血液、肝脏、背最长肌组织代谢物进行非靶向代谢检测，并运用代谢组学分析技术进行代谢模式差异分析、差异代谢物筛选和差异代谢物代谢通路富集分析。结果表明，性别对杜陆猪血液、肝脏、背最长肌组织总体代谢模式有一定的影响；性别差异引起的血液和肝脏差异代谢物数量较多，背最长肌最少。公猪血液多数脂类差异代谢物浓度显著高于母猪（P<0.05），而肝脏则相反（P<0.05）。公猪血液和肝脏糖类差异代谢物浓度多数显著高于母猪（P<0.05），其中公猪血液2-十八烯酸单甘油酯、二十二酸、胆固酮、二氢胆固醇的含量均为母猪的1.5倍以上；公猪肝脏β-龙胆二糖的含量是母猪的29倍，L-犬尿氨酸的含量是母猪的11倍，L-酪氨酸的含量是母猪的3倍。杜陆公猪肝脏硫辛酸含量显著低于母猪（P<0.05），是母猪的50%。杜陆公猪、母猪血液和肝脏激素类、脂类、糖类、氨基酸类代谢通路均差异显著（P<0.05）。以上结果表明：杜陆猪血液、肝脏、背最长肌组织代谢物性别效应不同；杜陆猪血液和肝脏激素类、脂类、糖类、氨基酸类代谢通路均存在性别效应，但性别效应微弱。杜陆公猪血液、肝脏和背最长肌较高水平的脂类和糖类代谢物使其肉质和风味比母猪稍好。

Metabonomics Analysis of Sex Effects on Meat Quality and Flavor in Dulu Pig

The purpose of the experiment was to comprehend the metabolic differences of sex and the sex effects of meat quality and flavor caused by these metabolic differences of different tissues in Dulu pig, and offer basal metabolic information for meat quality and flavor research in pigs. Sixteen (half male and half female) 8-month-old healthy Dulu pigs with similar body weight were selected, and Non-targeted metabolites detection was conducted in serum, liver, longissimus dorsi muscle by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The different metabolites selection and metabolism pathway enrich analysis were conducted to analysis the sex effects of meat quality and flavor by metabonomics. The results showed that sexes had some influence on metabolic profiling of serum, liver, and longissimus dorsi muscle. The numbers of different metabolites caused by sex were bigger in serum and liver, and it was the least in longissimus dorsi muscle. The contents of most lipid differential metabolites in serum of male were higher than female (P<0.05), while it was the opposite in the liver (P<0.05). The contents of most carbohydrate differential metabolites in both serum and liver of male were higher than female (P<0.05). The levels of 2-monoolein, behenic acid, cholesterone and dihydrocholesterol in serum of male were more than 1.5 times as much as female. The levels of beta-gentiobiose, L-kynurenine and L-tyrosine in liver of male were 29, 11 and 3 times as much as female, respectively. Lipoic acid of male was significantly lower than female (P<0.05), which was 50% of female. The pathways of hormone, lipid, carbohydrate and animo acid were significantly different between the males and females (P<0.05). In conclusion, the sex effects were different in serum, liver and longissimus dorsi muscle. There were sex effects on hormone, lipid, carbohydrate and animo acid metabolism in serum and liver, however, these different sex effects were not too strong to reflect meat quality and flavor. The higher levels of lipid and carbohydrate metabolites made the meat quality and flavors of male a little better than female.