复合乳酸菌发酵饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便菌群、血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究复合乳酸菌发酵饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便菌群、血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响。选取平均体重(40.69±1.16) kg的健康"长×大"二元生长猪90头,随机分为3个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1%和3%复合乳酸菌发酵饲料的试验饲粮,试验期34 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的料重比显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组的平均日增重显著增加(P<0.05);2)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组粪便中乳酸菌数量显著增加(P<0.05),大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌数量显著减少(P<0.05);3)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组粪便中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),狭义梭菌属1(Clostridium_ensu_tricto_1)的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组粪便中链球菌属(Streptococcus)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);4)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05),尿素氮、总胆固醇含量以及谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组血清谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);5)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M含量以及超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上可知,饲粮中添加1%的复合乳酸菌发酵饲料可提高生长猪的生长性能,改善肠道菌群组成,并可增强机体的免疫功能和抗氧化功能。

Effects of Compound Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented Feed on Growth Performance,Fecal Microflora,Serum Immune and Antioxidant Indexes of Growing Pigs

To evaluate the effects of compound lactic acid bacteria fermented feed on growth performance,fecal microflora,serum immune and antioxidant indexes of growing pigs,a total of 90 Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred growing pigs with an average body weight of(40.69±1.16)kg were divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 10 pigs per replicate. Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%(experimental groupⅠ)and 3%(experimental groupⅡ)compound lactic acid bacteria fermented feed,respectively. The trial lasted for 34 days. The results showed that,compared with control:1)the average daily gain(ADG)was significantly increased in experimental groupⅠ (P < 0. 05),while the feed/gain(F/G)was significantly decreased in experimental groupsⅠandⅡ (P < 0. 05);2)the number of fecal lactic acid bacteria was significantly increased(P <0.05),while the numbers of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were significantly decreased in experimental groupsⅠandⅡ (P<0.05);3)the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in experimental groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05),while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in experimental groupsⅠandⅡand Streptococcus in experimental groupⅡwere significantly decreased(P<0.05);4)serum total protein(TP)and globulin(GLB)contents were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the contents of urea nitrogen(UN)and total cholesterol(TC),and the alanine transaminase(ALT)activity were significantly decreased in experimental groupsⅠandⅡ (P<0.05),and the serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity was significantly decreased in experimental groupⅠ (P<0.05);5)the contents of immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM),and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in serum were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the malonaldehyde(MDA)content was significantly decreased in experimental groupsⅠandⅡ (P<0.05). In summary,dietary 1% compound lactic acid bacteria fermented feed can improve the growth performance and the intestinal microbial composition of growing pigs,and enhance the body’s immune function and antioxidant ability.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(2):783-794]