近49年石家庄地区参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征分析

利用石家庄地区9个气象站1964—2012年的气象数据，运用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、经验正交函数等统计方法，以Penman-Monteith公式为基础，研究了该地区参考作物蒸散量月、年的时空变化特征。结果表明：石家庄地区的参考作物蒸散量在2月和3月呈上升趋势，其他月份呈下降趋势。其中，6月下降趋势最大，4月下降趋势最小；在突变检验分析中，5月、6月、8月、10月、11月和年的ETO变化发生了突变且下降趋势明显，上述月ETO时间序列的显著下降时间均出现在1983年之后；该区参考作物蒸散量随着纬度的增加而减少，空间变化表现为一致性，在20世纪80年代后期，石家庄—赵县一线西南进入了下降较快的阶段。该研究可以为石家庄地区节水农业发展和解决地下水供需矛盾提供必要的参考。

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Shijiangzhuang in Recent 49 Years

Based on the meteorological data of 9 stations of Shijiazhuang in 1964-2012, using trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, EOF and the formula of Penman-Monteith, the monthly and annual temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of reference crop evapotranspiration of Shijiazhuang were studied. The results showed that: the trends of reference crop evapotranspiration were on the rise in both February and March, but the trends were not significant. The trends of reference crop evapotranspiration in the other months declined, the maximum rate of decline was in June, the minimum rate of decline was in April. In mutation test, May, June, August, October, November and the annual reference crop evapotranspiration change mutated and declined significantly, the times of mutation all appeared after 1983. The reference crop evapotranspiration decreased with the increase of latitude, the trend of spatial variation showed the consistency, and in the late of 1980s, the trend of reference crop evapotranspiration decreased faster in the southwest of the area of Shijiazhuang to Zhaoxian. The study can offer reference for water-saving agriculture development and countermeasures to the contradiction between supply and demand of groundwater.