不同时期旱地冬小麦品种更替过程中灌浆特性研究

为了解旱地小麦品种更替过程中灌浆特性的变化,以8个不同年代的旱地冬小麦品种和1个水地冬小麦品种为材料,在干旱和灌水两种水分处理下,比较了不同小麦品种间籽粒灌浆特性及产量差异。结果表明,小麦籽粒产量和千粒重随品种更替逐渐增加,灌浆速率和灌浆天数也呈增长趋势。干旱处理后,冬小麦的灌浆天数相对缩短,且现代品种的降低幅度较早期品种小;早期品种平均灌浆速率略有下降,现代旱地品种长武134和长旱58则得到提高。在灌水处理下水地品种西农9871的千粒重明显高于干旱处理,旱地品种在两种处理间差异不显著。这说明灌浆速率的提高和灌浆天数的延长是现代旱地品种具有较高粒重和产量的主要原因。

Study on the Grain Filling Characteristics of Dryland Winter Wheat Varieties in the Replacement Process at Different Eras

In this study, the experiment was carried out in two water treatments, drought and irrigation. Eight winter wheat varieties used in dry land at different ages and one winter wheat variety used in irrigated land were chosen to study their grain filling characteristics during the filling stage and their yield differences. The results showed that under the two water treatments, the grain yield and thousand kernel weight increased as the replacing progress, and the filling speed and days for grain filling also increased. In addition, under the drought condition, the average grain filling duration was reduced, and which was lesser in the later varieties than in early varieties; the average grain filling rate declined slightly for earlier varieties while increased in dry land wheat Changhan 58 and Changwu 134. The grain weight of irrigated land variety Xinong 9871 under irrigation condition was much higher than that under drought treatment, but there was no significant difference for dry land varieties between the two water treatments. The study suggested that the increase of both filling rate and days were the main factors to improve the grain weight and yield of modern dry land varieties.