河南平原区烤烟“前膜后秸”覆盖栽培效果初报

研究了河南省平原区典型烟田几种覆盖栽培方式对烤烟生育、产质量建成以及土壤水温动态的影响。结果表明，“前膜后秸”一体化覆盖的栽培方式，能够促进烟株早发快长，形成适宜的烟叶产量，获得最佳的烟叶等级构成，中上等烟比例，尤其是上等烟的大幅增加，烟叶含钾(K2O)量大幅增加，达1.84%，而含氯量最低，仅0.38%，钾氯比达到适宜比例，为4.84。与无覆盖烟田相比，其它各种覆盖措施的烟叶中，虽然通过提高烟叶产量来增加了产值，但其中上等烟比例和内在品质相对下降。与优化的低起垄、深栽烟、培土技术相结合，“前膜后秸”覆盖栽培能够在烟草生育期内保持良好的土壤水分和热量条件，同时促进烟株形成分层、发达的架状根系，有利于对土壤水肥营养的吸收和土壤水肥气热关系的协调，是该区烤烟生产“提钾降氯”、无公害栽培的有效途径。

Studies on Effect of "Straw Mulching after Film Uncovered" Technique on Flue-cured Tobacco in Plain Region of Henan

In a field plot trial, the authors studied the effect of several mulching patterns on the growth and quality of tobacco and on the dynamic changes of soil moisture and temperature. The result showed that, in the treatment of "straw mulching after film uncovered", the tobacco grown better with proper yield, highest quality and profit. The proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco leaves, especially of the high-grade increased by a big margin. The K2O content amounted to 1.84%, while Cl- reduced to 0.38%, contributing to a suitable K2O/Cl ratio of4.84. Compared with no-mulching control, the other mulching treatments couldn't improve the grade and quality of tobacco leaves despite of the higher yields. Combined with the optimized techniques of lower-ridge, deep transplanting and earth up, "straw mulching after film uncovered" could keep proper soil moisture and heat regimes for tobacco growth during the whole growing period, in the mean time, promote the formation of developed structural root system, and avail the coordination of the absorption of the water and nutrients, therefore present an efficient approach to "K-increasing and Cl-reducing" practice and the no public hazard production of flue-cured tobacco.