空间坏境对大豆主要农艺性状及蛋白品质的诱变效应

以“实践八号”育种卫星搭载的3个大豆品种中黄28、中黄29、中黄31为材料，调查了空间诱变后代SP1、SP2代的主要农艺性状分析检测SP2、SP3种子的蛋白质组分（11S/7S球蛋白）、Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂（SKTI）等品质性状分析检测，以为利用空间诱变技术改良大豆品质提供理论依据。结果表明，3个大豆品种对空间环境的反应敏感性不同，中黄28和中黄29的SP1代分别获得3株和12株变异株，变异率分别为0.417 %和1.667 %，而中黄31的SP1代没有发现变异植株，且中黄28的2株（01-SP2-1、01-SP2-2）和中黄29的5株（02-SP2-2、02-SP2-5、02-SP2-6、02-SP2-7、02-SP2-8）变异株在SP2代发生性状分离；空间环境使大豆11S 蛋白亚基发生变异，SKTI基因发生突变。空间诱变既可改良农艺性状，也可改良品质性状。

SPACE-FLIGHT ON MAIN AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS IN SOYBEAN

We selected three soybean varieties with specific quality, Zhonghuang 28, Zhonghuang 29 and Zhonghuang 31 as experimental materials. The seeds were boarded on the recoverable breeding satellite “Shijian No.8” for spaceflight treatment and the untreated materials used as controls. Major agronomic traits in SP1 and SP2, quality traits (protein content, fat content, protein component, 11S/7S globulin) in SP2 and SP3 were investigated. The results showed that three soybean varieties gave different response to the space environment. A total of 15 variants were obtained in the SP1 generation with the total variation rate of 0.649%. 3 variants came from SP1 of Zhonghuang 28, with variation rate of 0.417%, and the others came from SP1 of Zhonghuang 29, and the variation rate was 1.667%. No variation was found in SP1 of Zhonghuang 31. Traits segregation was found to occur in 7 variants in SP2 generation. Agronomic traits of variants were found significant difference between SP2 and SP1 generation. The mutation was found in 11S globulin subunit and Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor. Space mutation could be one of methods to improve both agronomic and quality traits in soybean breeding.