黄淮大豆主产区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种分布调查

大豆胞囊线虫病(SCN)在黄淮地区普遍发生,调查病原小种分布情况,确定优势小种对抗病育种有重要意义。2012—2015年,取样调查黄淮地区6个省份土样,利用Riggs模式鉴定生理小种,绘制黄淮地区SCN生理小种分布图,并与文献报道结果对比,探讨黄淮地区SCN生理小种类型及其分布规律。结果表明,该病害在黄淮大豆主产区均有分布,在采集受SCN感染的322份土样中,112份被鉴定出生理小种类型,包括1号、2号、3号、4号、5号、6号和11号小种。其中,57份为2号小种,占样本总体的50.9%;26份土样为5号小种,占23.2%;11份土样为4号小种,占9.8%,1号、3号、6号和11号小种分别占总体的4.5%、5.4%、4.5%和1.8%。依据不同生理小种在各省发生频率由高到低的顺序,河南分布5号、2号、3号、11号小种;河北分布2号、5号、6号、3号、4号小种;安徽分布2号、5号、6号、3号小种;山西分布2号、4号、5号、1号、3号、11号小种;山东分布2号、3号、5号、1号、6号小种;江苏分布2号、5号、1号小种。以上结果表明,2号小种是目前黄淮地区的优势小种,其次是5号小种,致病力最强的4号小种主要分布在山西省。在黄淮地区,抗线虫育种目标应以抗2号生理小种为主,兼抗5号小种,部分地区应以兼抗2号和4号小种为主。在黄淮地区3号、6号和11号小种是新发现的小种。与2001—2003年调查结果比较,黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种组成及分布有一定的改变。

Race Distribution of Soybean Cyst Nematode in the Main Soybean Producing Area of Huang-Huai Valleys

Soybean cyst nematode(SCN)(Heterodera glycines), is the most economically important pathogen of soybean in Huang-Huai Valleys, development of resistant cultivars is the most convenient method to avoid yield losses. Knowledge of SCN race distribution in soybean production area is meaningful for the breeding of resistant lines. A 4-year systematic survey for the presence of soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines in Huang-Huai Valleys was initiated in 2012. A distribution map of races was constructed based on Riggs model. The race variation law and reason were also discussed in this article. A total of 322 soil samples infected by soybean cyst nematode were collected. Among them, seven races of H. glycines were identified in 112 (34.8%) samples, including five races described previously. Heterodera glycines presented in the six provinces including Henan, Hebei, Anhui, Shanxi, Shandong, and Jiangsu. Among the 112 soil samples mentioned above, race 2 accounted for 50.9% of the identified H. glycines races. Races 5, 4, 3, 1, 6, and 11 did 23.2%, 9.8%, 5.4%, 4.5%, 4.5%, and 1.8%, respectively. In order of frequency from high to low, races 5, 2, 3, 11 distributed in Henan, with race 5 and race 2 accounting for 87.5% of identified H. glycines populations; races 2, 5, and 6 accounted for 92% in Hebei and 95.2% in Anhui; races 2, 3, 5 did 81.86% in Shandong; races 2, 5, 1 distributed in Jiangsu, with race 2 and race 5 accounting for 84.6%; race 2 and race 4 each accounted for 38.5% of the total identified races in Shanxi soybean productin area. Race 2 was the predominant race in Huang-Huai Valleys at present, which should be focused on developing resistant cultivars, followed by race 5. Race 4, the most virulent form of SCN, whose distribution was centered in Shanxi. In some local area breeding should be focused on cultivars resistant to race 2 and race 5 while in some other areas it should be focused on breeding cultivars resistant to race 2 and race 4, according to the race types identified from the experiment and the distribution in specific areas. Races 3, 6, and 11 were the first reported in Huang-Huai Valleys. Compared with the survey conducted at Huang-Huai Valleys in the years of 2001–2003, there were some changes in the race types and distribution in the present surveys.