河南夏大豆区近30年主要大豆品种产量改良的遗传进展

提高产量是大豆育种的主要目标。研究大豆产量及其相关性状的遗传进展，对于今后制定高产育种策略有重要参考意义。本研究随机选择近30年河南主要育成品种中的18个大豆品种，进行两年产量评价试验的研究。结果表明，产量随育种年份增加总体呈递增趋势，遗传进展为17.39kghm^-2，年递增率是0.7%；有效分枝、主茎节数、百粒重、株高有弱的正向遗传进展，而单株荚数和每荚粒数表现弱的负向遗传进展，但均不显著。百粒重、主茎节数和株高与产量有显著的遗传相关与表型相关，环境相关均不显著，表明这3个性状具有较大的遗传力，随产量性状的遗传改良，这3个性状均协同提高，且不易受环境条件的影响；而有效分枝、单株荚数、每荚粒数与产量的遗传相关和表型相关均没达到显著水平，这是它们与百粒重、主茎节数、株高有极显著负遗传相关所致。

Genetic Gain of Soybean Breeding for Yield in Henan Summer Soybean Zone Overthe Last 30 Years

Improvement of yield potential is the main objective for soybean breeding. Studying genetic gain of soybean yield and its related traits is very important for the development of high yield breeding strategies in the future. To this end, this research was conducted a two-year yield evaluation trial using 18 soybean cultivars randomly selected from all the cultivars released during the last 30 years in Henan province. Results showed that the yield presented an increasing trend with the genetic gain of 17.39 kg ha^–1or 0.7% per year. Effective branch, nodes on main stem, seed weight and plant height had a weak positive genetic gain, whereas pods per plant and seeds per pod showed insignificantly negative genetic gain. Yield had a significant genetic and phenotypic correlation with seed weight, nodes on main stem and plant height while an insignificant correlation with their environments,which indicated that the three traits had high genetic heritability. With the genetic improvement of yield traits, the three traits were improved at the same time and not easily affected by environmental conditions. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between yield and effective branch, pods per plant and plant height were not significant because of their significant negative genetic correlation with seed weight, nodes on main stem, and plant height.