旱作农田微集水种植产流蓄墒扩渗特征研究

在宁南不同生态区的旱作农田，对秋作物和多年生牧草——紫花苜蓿设置不同微集水种植带型。系统测定生长期和非生产期不同时段和不同部位的土壤蓄水增墒效应、产流效率、蓄墒效率、垄沟系统产流入渗特征等。分析结果表明：秋作物和苗蓿牧草采用微集水种植，能显著提高农田蓄水增墒保墒作用；作物生长期微集水种植较辱地种植方式0～2m土层多增蓄水分78．0～136．7mm，其中非生产（休闲）季节同层多贮水量24．8～49．2mm；土壤蓄墒期微集水种植蓄墒率达到43．3％～62．4％，提高蓄墒效率51．0％～83．7％。

Characteristics of runoff generation, water storage and rainwater distribution under micro-catchment planting in dry-land

The experiment was conducted in different ecological regions of south Ningxia to study the characteristics of runoff generation,rainwater storage efficiency and soil moisture distribution during the growing and fallow periods of autumn crop and alfalfa under different micro-catchment planting modes.The results showed: micro-catchment planting could increase water storage and improve soil moisture condition notably;the water storage in 0~2m profile of micro-catchment planting during the growing period of crop was increased by 78.0~136.7mm compared to that of traditional planting,and during the fallow period it was increased by 24.8~49.2mm;during the water storage period,the water storage rate of microcatchment planting reached 43.3%~62.4%,and the rainwater storage efficiency was raised by 51.0%~83.7%.