芥菜游离小孢子培养技术研究

以12 份不同基因型的芥菜栽培种为试材，用NLN-13 培养基进行游离小孢子培养，并进行不同的热激诱导处理，研究基因型、热激条件以及供体植株生长条件（主要是温度）对芥菜游离小孢子培养的影响。结果表明：芥菜小孢子培养的适宜花蕾长度为2～3 mm，此时小孢子主要处于单核靠边期，显微观察小孢子有3 条明显的萌发沟；35 ℃热激处理3 d 有利于芥菜小孢子诱导成胚；基因型是影响芥菜小孢子培养的关键因素，不同基因型芥菜的出胚能力差异很大，供试12 份材料中有9 份诱导出胚，其中V03B0097 和A12959 出胚率最高，分别达5.87 胚·蕾^-1 和5.54 胚·蕾^-1；供体植株在 较低的温度环境下生长有利于芥菜小孢子的胚胎发生。

Studies on Free Microspore Culturing Technology in Brassica juncea（L.）Czern. et Coss.

In order to improve the microspore culture system in Brassica juncea（L.） Czern. et Coss. and promote its application in breeding and basic research，we used 12 different genotypes of Brassica ica juncea（ L.） Czern. et Coss. as experimental materials to study the effects of genotype，heat shock induction and donor plants growth conditions，especially atmospheric temperature on microspore culture in Brassica juncea（L.） Czern. et Coss．The results indicated that microspores in the late uninucleate stage were prismatoidal and characterized with 3 obvious germinal furrows，which can help
identify the length of buds that contained a large proportion of late-uninucleate-stage microspores．2-3 mm buds were appropriate for microspore culture in Brassica juncea（L.）Czern. et Coss．35 °C heat shock for 3 days contributed to the induction of microspore embryogenesis. Genotype was the key factor
that affected the results of microspore culture in Brassica juncea（L.）Czern. et Coss．The ability of embryo yield was quite different among 12 different genotypes．Nine of them produced embryos，V03B0097 and A12959 gave the highest among the 12 genotypes5.87 and 5.54 embryos per bud，respectively．Low temperature for donor plants growing was appropriate for embryogenesis of microspore culture in Brassica juncea（L.）Czern. et Coss.