基于组合特征的黑龙江省村庄用地整理分区研究

村庄用地整理分区研究是村庄土地整治和科学实施乡村振兴的重要基础,对指导村庄用地合理有序整理具有重要意义。以黑龙江省为研究区域,从规模、结构、形态三个维度构建村庄用地组合特征,运用指数模型与GIS空间分析测算76个县(市)平均规模、结构信息熵、平均形状指数,叠加分析确定村庄用地组合类型与整理适宜性,基于人均建设用地标准法测算村庄用地整理潜力与分区。结果表明:1)黑龙江省村庄用地规模、结构、形态特征差异显著。平均规模普遍较大,整体规模西高东低;仅油煤工矿区与农林区结构较丰富,其他地区普遍单一;分布形态与地形联系紧密,平原区较山地丘陵区更为规整。2) 12种村庄用地规模-结构-形态组合特征,以大规模-较单一-较规整、中规模-较丰富-较规整、大规模-较丰富-较规整三类为主,占比高达57.24%;3)依据用地适宜性与整理潜力,全省村庄用地划分为四个整理区:优先整理区、重点整理区、适度整理区以及优化调整区。提出了规模、结构、形态特征导向下的省域村庄用地区域差别化的整理策略,从而实现乡村地域要素集聚、结构优化与功能提升,可为推进新时期国土空间规划与乡村振兴战略提供借鉴参考。

Study on the integrated zoning strategy of village land in Heilongjiang Province

The development of the integrated zoning strategy for village land is an important basis for land consolidation and the scientific implementation of rural revitalization. Using Heilongjiang Province as the research area, this paper constructs an integrated index, including three dimensions of land scale, structure and form, to calculate the average scale, structure information entropy, and the average shape index of 76 counties (cities) by the index model and the GIS spatial analysis method. In addition, this paper further examines the type and the suitability of village land use consolidation using superposition analysis and calculates the potential and the suitability of village land use consolidation based on per capita construction land standard. Results demonstrate that: 1) there are significant differences in the scale, structure and morphological characteristics of village land in Heilongjiang Province. The average scale is generally large, and the overall scale is higher in the West and lower in the East; there are many different types of land use structures in those oil and coal mining areas and agricultural and forestry areas but less types in other areas with more uniformed distribution in the terrain and flatter areas than in those mountainous areas; 2) among 12 identified types of integrated village land use patterns, there are three main categories, accounting for 57.24%, which include large scale operations with relative less types and relative more uniformity, medium scale operations with relative more types and relative more uniformity, and large scale operations with relative more types and relative more uniformity; and 3) according to land suitability and consolidation potential, village land in the entire province is divided into four consolidation areas: priority consolidation area, secondary consolidation area, moderate consolidation area and optimization consolidation area. To provide reference for land spatial planning in the new era and rural revitalization in the Northeast to realize the gathering of rural regional elements, structural optimization and functional upgrading, this paper proposes that the sorting strategy of regional differentiation of village land use in the province should follow the guidance of scale, structure and form characteristics.