内蒙古典型草原三种家畜采食量和食性选择的研究

放牧家畜的采食量和对不同牧草的选食性是制定草地放牧管理的基本参数。本研究选取内蒙古典型草原，在相同放牧强度下比较绵羊、山羊和牛的采食量及牧草选择性。结果表明：在相同放牧强度下，夏秋季节放牧牛的平均日采食量为9.64 kg·（头·天）^-1，喜食大针茅、黄囊苔草和一些非优势种牧草（选食系数1 < SI≤1.5），而对羊草和糙隐子草表现为可食（0.5 < SI≤1）；绵羊的平均日采食量为1.87 kg·（头·天）^-1，喜食羊草、黄囊苔草和其它非优势种牧草（1 < SI≤1.5），而对大针茅和糙隐子草表现为可食（0.5 < SI≤1）；山羊的日均采食量为1.65 kg·（头·天）^-1，嗜食其它非优势种牧草（SI>1.5），喜食黄囊苔草和糙隐子草（1 < SI≤1.5），而对羊草和大针茅表现为可食（0.5 < SI≤1）。本研究意味着不同家畜或多种家畜混牧可更高效的利用草地资源，如放牧绵羊和牛可能分别减少羊草和针茅在草地中的丰度，因而采用不同家畜放牧或多种家畜混牧有利于草地的可持续利用。

The Daily Intake and Forage Species Selection of Three Types of Grazing Livestocks on a Typical Steppe in Inner Mongolia

The daily intake and diet selection of livestock are basic parameters in developing best practices for grazing management. In this study,we compared the daily intake and the diet selection of three types of domestic animals (sheep,goat and cattle) under the same grazing intensity on a typical steppe grassland in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that average daily intake in summer and autumn was 9.64,1.87 and 1.65 kg per head for cattle,sheep and goat,respectively. Cattles preferred Stipa grandis,Carex korshinskyi kom and some non-dominant forage species (selectivity index 1 < SI≤1.5),but not Leymus chinensis or Cleistogenes squarrosa (0.5 < SI≤1);Sheep preferred Leymus chinensis,Carex kom and some non-dominant forage species (1Stipa grandis or Cleistogenes squarrosa(0.5 < SI≤1). Goats favored the non-dominant forage species (SI>1.5) and preferred Carex korshinskyi kom and Cleistogenes squarrosa(1 < SI≤1.5),but not Leymus chinensis or Stipa grandis(0.5 < SI≤1). The results suggested that the grazing by different animals or mixed animals could be used as a tool for sustainable grassland management.