农机服务对中国粮食生产效率影响研究

研究农机服务对中国粮食生产效率的影响并分析其作用路径,有利于为农机服务的进一步发展提供参考。基于2009—2018年中国31个省粮食生产的投入产出数据,利用DEA模型测算粮食生产效率,运用Tobit模型分析农机服务水平对粮食生产效率的影响,最后从资本要素对劳动要素的替代效应和技术要素投入效应两方面解释农机服务提高粮食生产效率的原因。结果表明:2009—2018年中国31省份粮食生产综合效率为0.849,省份间效率差异明显,规模效率和纯技术效率分别为0.921、0.918,相较于技术效率,规模效率对其粮食生产效率的影响更大;在所有省份和生产效率高于平均效率省份的回归结果中,农机服务分别通过1%、10%水平的显著性检验,并产生正向影响,在生产效率低于平均效率的省份,农机服务水平对粮食生产效率的提高未有显著影响。

Research on the impact of agricultural machinery services on China s grain production efficiency

To study the impact of agricultural machinery service on China s grain production efficiency and analyze its action path is conducive to provide reference for the further development of China s agricultural machinery service.Based on the input-output data of grain production of 31 provinces in China from 2009 to 2018,this paper uses DEA model to measure the grain production efficiency of 31 provinces,and uses Tobit model to test and analyze the impact of agricultural machinery service level on grain production efficiency.Finally,the paper explains the reasons why agricultural machinery services improve grain production efficiency from two aspects:the substitution effect of capital factors for labor factors and the input effect of technical factors.The results show that:from 2009 to 2018,the comprehensive efficiency of grain production in 31 provinces of China is 0.849,and the difference of grain production efficiency among provinces is obvious.The scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency are 0.918 and 0.921,respectively.Compared with the scale efficiency,the technical efficiency has a greater impact on the grain production efficiency;in all provinces and agricultural machinery services have a significant positive impact on the grain production efficiency In the regression results of provinces with higher than average efficiency,the agricultural machinery service level passed the significance test of 1%and 10%level respectively,and had a positive impact.The level of agricultural machinery service had a significant positive impact on the improvement of grain production efficiency.In the provinces with production efficiency lower than average efficiency,the agricultural machinery service level had no significant impact on the improvement of grain production efficiency.