饲用燕麦品种在宁夏雨养区的适应性评价

为筛选出适合宁夏雨养区种植的优质高产燕麦(Avena sativa)品种，于2021年在宁夏原州区彭堡镇姚磨村采用随机区组试验对10个燕麦品种进行适应性评价，利用主成分分析方法(Principal component analysis，PCA)对其农艺性状、产量及营养成分等指标进行了综合评价。结果表明，10个燕麦品种均能完成生育期，其中‘禾王’的株高、叶茎比、分蘖数和干草产量均达到最高，分别为116.98 cm，0.47，2.74个·株^-1和8 100.25 kg·hm^-2；‘禾王’、‘喜韵’和‘摄政王’的粗蛋白含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)，其中‘禾王’粗蛋白含量最高，达11.29%；‘禾王’相对饲喂价值为117.21，与‘克劳沃’和‘挑战者’无显著差异，但显著高于其他燕麦品种(P<0.05)。通过对供试燕麦进行抗蚜评价，发现中抗品种为‘摄政王’和‘进口甜燕’，低抗品种是‘甜燕70’、‘喜韵’、‘甜燕1号’和‘固原当地燕麦’，低感品种是‘莫妮卡’、‘克劳沃’和‘挑战者’，中感品种是‘禾王’。经主成分(PCA)综合分析得出，‘禾王’、‘喜韵’和‘摄政王’较其他燕麦品种更适宜在宁夏雨养区推广种植。

Adaptability Evaluation of Feed Oat Varieties in Rainfed Area of Ningxia

To screen out high quality and high yield oat varieties suitable for planting in rainfed areas of Ningxia,the adaptability of 10 oat varieties was evaluated by random block test in Yaomo Village,Pengbao Town,Yuanzhou District,Ningxia in 2021,and the agronomic traits,yield and nutritional components were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA).The results showed that all the 10 oat varieties could complete the growth period,among them, the plant height,leaf-stem ratio,tiller number and hay yield of 'King He' reached the highest,which were 116.98 cm,0.47,2.74 tillers and 8 100.25 kg·hm^-2,respectively. The crude protein content of 'King He','Joy' and 'Prince regent' was significantly higher than other varieties (P<0.05),and the crude protein content of 'King He' was the highest (11.29%). The relative feeding value of 'King He' was 117.21,which was not significantly different from 'Clauvo' and 'Challengers',but significantly higher than other oat varieties (P<0.05). Through the aphid resistance evaluation of the tested oats,it was found that the moderate resistant varieties were 'Prince regent' and 'Imported sweet oats',the low resistant varieties were 'Sweet swallow 70','Joy','Sweety' and 'Guyuan local oats',the low susceptible varieties were 'Monica','Clauvo' and 'Challengers',and the moderate susceptible varieties were 'King He'. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 'King He','Joy' and 'Prince regent' were more suitable for planting in rainfed areas of Ningxia than other oat varieties.