湖南毛竹笋及产地土壤重金属与健康风险研究

为了解湖南毛竹产区竹笋及产地土壤重金属的状况，保障竹笋质量安全，选择炎陵、湘乡、耒阳3个县市，共采集毛竹笋样品及对应产地的土壤样品各80份，分析土壤样品中重金属Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu含量和毛竹笋样品中相应重金属含量，探讨土壤重金属含量与原产地毛竹笋中重金属含量之间的相关性，并对毛竹笋中重金属进行健康风险评价。参照标准GB 15618-2018，对土壤重金属进行单因子污染指数、综合污染指数评价，其次对竹笋中检出的重金属进行致癌和非致癌污染物健康风险评价。结果表明，毛竹笋产地土壤样品中Cd、As、Pb均有不同程度的超标现象，合格率分别为67.5%、96.2%、77.5%，3个地区综合污染指数分别为1.183、1.219、1.475，表明毛竹笋产地土壤均有不同程度污染。毛竹笋样品中除Hg未检出外，Cd、As、Pb、Cr 4种重金属均有检出，合格率为98.8%。毛竹笋中各重金属元素含量与对应产地土壤各重金属元素含量相关性系数较低，其中仅炎陵毛竹笋重金属As含量与对应产地土壤的As含量呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关，相关系数为0.606。毛竹笋中检出的Cd、As、Pb、Cr 4种重金属总目标危险系数分别为0.377、0.277、0.118。Cd致癌风险分别为7.30×10^-6、8.45×10^-6、1.33×10^-5。综合得出，可食部分毛竹笋对重金属积累较少，且毛竹笋与产地土壤对应重金属元素含量无相关性，通过食用毛竹笋摄入重金属的总目标危险系数低于USEPA推荐的最大可接受水平，不会对暴露人群健康造成危害，Cd致癌风险在可接受范围内。

Evaluation of Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Phyllostachys edulis Shoot and Planting Soil in Hunan Province

To assess the correlation between the heavy metals in Phyllostachys edulis shoot (an edible product in the market) and the soil in Hunan Province for the purpose of guarantee the quality and safety of the shoot,a quantitative analysis of Cd,Hg,As,Pb and Cr was conducted in 80 shoot samples and 80 soil samples collected from Yanling,Xiangxiang and Leiyang.Both the single factor and comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in soil were assessed based on China national standard "GB 15618-2018".And then carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic pollutants were evaluated to discover the health risk of the heavy metals in P.edulis shoot.The findings showed that the pass rates of Cd,As,and Pb contents in the sampled soil which met the standard were 67.5%,96.2% and 77.5% respectively.The comprehensive pollution indexes of the three regions were 1.183,1.219 and 1.475,respectively.The results also showed that the soil were polluted to different degrees.Hg wasn’t detected in the sampled shoot,but such heavy metals as Cd,As,Pb and Cr were detected.And only one sample had excessive amount of Pb,and 98.8% of shoot met the standard in terms of Pb.Therefore,the correlation coefficients between the content of every heavy metal in P.edulis shoot and the soil were low.Only As in shoot was positively correlated with that in the soil of the corresponding producing area (P<0.01),and the correlation coefficient was 0.606.The total target hazard quotients of Cd,As,Pb and Cr in P.edulis shoot samples were 0.377,0.277 and 0.118,respectively.The quotients of carcinogenic hazard of Cd in Yanling,Xiangxiang and Leiyang were 7.30×10^-6,8.45×10^-6 and 1.33×10^-5,respectively.To sum up,the accumulation rate of all five heavy metals in edible parts of P.edulis shoot was in low level.There was no correlation between the content of heavy metals studied in P.edulis shoot and the soil.The total target hazard quotient of five heavy metals through consumption of P.edulis shoot was lower than the maximum level recommended by USEPA.Therefore,the intake of P.edulis shoot will not bring risk to the health of exposed adult population.The carcinogenic hazard of cadmium was acceptable.