液氮充注蓄冷配送箱冷量引入特性试验研究与优化

液氮充注方式具有效率高、成本低等优点，液氮温度较低，可对金枪鱼蓄冷配送箱进行充冷。为了解不同冷源引入参数对金枪鱼蓄冷配送箱蓄冷特性的影响，搭建金枪鱼蓄冷配送箱试验平台，采用二次旋转回归正交试验方法研究不同液氮充注量、蓄冷板传热面积和蓄冷板装载量对蓄冷配送箱蓄冷特性的影响。试验结果表明：液氮充注量、蓄冷板传热面积和蓄冷板装载量都对蓄冷配送箱蓄冷特性有影响；箱内空气的降温速率随着液氮充注量和蓄冷板传热面积的增大而增大，蓄冷板装载量对降温速率产生的影响不大，当液氮充注量为14 kg、蓄冷板传热面积为0.12 m2时，降温速率可达最大值；箱内蓄冷板的蓄冷效率随着蓄冷板的传热面积和装载量的增大而提高、随着液氮充注量的增大而降低，当液氮充注量为6 kg、蓄冷板传热面积为0.12 m2和蓄冷板装载量为70%时，蓄冷效率可达最大值。研究结果可对蓄冷配送箱冷源引入的优化提供参考。

Experimental study and optimization on cold introduction characteristics of liquid nitrogen injection cold storage distribution box

The liquid nitrogen filling method has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and the liquid nitrogen temperature is low, which can charge and cool the tuna cold storage distribution box. In order to understand the influence of the different cold source introduction parameters on the cold storage characteristics of the tuna cold storage distribution box, a test platform for the tuna cold storage distribution box was set up to study the effects of factors such as liquid nitrogen quality, heat transfer area and cold plate loading on the cold storage characteristics of the cold storage distribution box using quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design. The test results showed that the liquid nitrogen quality, heat transfer area and cold plate loading had significant effects on the cold storage characteristics of the cold storage distribution box. The cooling rate of the air in the box increased with the increase of liquid nitrogen quality and heat transfer area of the cold storage plate, but the cold plate loading had little effect on the cooling rate. With the parameters of 14 kg liquid nitrogen quality and 0.12 m2 heat transfer area, a better cooling rate could be achieved. The cold storage efficiency of the cold storage plate in the box increased with the increase of heat transfer area and cold plate loading and decreased with the increase of liquid nitrogen quality. With the parameters of 6 kg liquid nitrogen quality, 0.12 m2 heat transfer area and 70% cold plate loading, a better cold storage efficiency could be achieved. The research results will provide a reference for the optimization of the cold source introduction of the cold storage distribution box.