长白山区年最大冻深的纬度效应及其对温度要素变化的响应

气候变化变暖背景下，冻土退化及其带来的环境生态效应已成为国际社会关注的重要科学问题。以长白山为典型研究区，通过51个气象站点资料，采用气候统计学方法，分析1960-2019年最大冻土深度时空演变特征及其对温度要素变化的响应机制。结果表明，长白山区年最大冻土深度均值处于60~180 cm，具有明显的纬度效应。同时，纬度越高冻土退化越明显，最大冻土深度<120 cm的区域不断增大。长白山区冻融期均温整体处于0~3 ℃，温度增加显著，平均温度、最低温度和年负积温均呈现不同程度的增加趋势，随着纬度增加，温度要素变化均更为显著。冻土退化主要受冻融期均温影响，其次是负积温，对最低温变化响应不显著。随着纬度降低，温度对冻土退化影响更显著。

The Latitude Effect of the Annual Maximum Frozen Soil Depth in the Area of Changbai Mountain and Its Response to Changes in Temperature Elements

Under the background of climate warming,the degradation of frozen soil and its eco-environmental effects have become important scientific issues.The Changbai Mountain was selected to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of annual maximum frozen soil depth (AMFSD) based on the data collected from 51 meteorological stations,and its response mechanism to temperature changes during 1960 to 2019 by using climate statistics methods.The results showed that the average AMFSD in the mountain ranged from 60-180 cm,presenting obvious latitude effect.At the same time,the higher the latitude,the more obvious the frozen soil degenerated.The area of frozen soil depth less than 120 cm was increasing.The average temperature during freezing-thawing period in the Changbai Mountain area was between 0 ℃ and 3 ℃.The average temperature,minimum temperature and annual negative accumulated temperature all showed increasing trends.With the increase of latitude,the changes of temperature elements were more significant.The degradation of frozen soil was mainly affected by the average temperature during the freeze-thaw period,followed by the negative accumulated temperature,which did not respond significantly to the changes in the minimum temperature.As the latitude increased,the temperature had a more significant impact on the degradation of frozen soil.