化肥减施增施黄腐酸磷酸二氢钾水溶配方肥对骏枣生长及品质的影响

【目的】 研究化肥减施情况下增施黄腐酸磷酸二氢钾水溶配方肥对骏枣生长及品质的影响，为骏枣栽培中减少化肥的使用、增施黄腐酸磷酸二氢钾水溶配方肥提供科学依据。【方法】 以骏枣为材料，采取随机区组试验，共设5个施肥处理，以常规施肥为对照（CK）；设置4个不同施用黄腐酸磷酸二氢钾水溶配方肥用量分别为60 kg/667 m²（T₁）、96 kg/667 m²（T₂）、120 kg/667 m²（T₃）、144 kg/667 m²（T₄），化肥减施率分别为65%、45%、31%、17%。以滴灌的方式分11次施入试验小区。在果实成熟期，测定其叶片长度、叶片宽度、枣吊长度、果形指数、裂果率、黑头率、果实品质和产量等指标，分析化肥减施下增施不同量黄腐酸磷酸二氢钾水溶配方肥对骏枣生长及品质的影响。【结果】 在T₄处理下骏枣的叶片长和宽均增加，T₃、T₄处理枣吊长度显著增加；T₃处理与CK相比裂果率降低了45.78%，T₄处理与CK相比黑头率降低了69.50%；T₄处理显著增加了单果重和产量，分别较对照增加了18.87%和13.62%，各处理较对照均提高了VC含量和还原糖含量，总酸含量在各处理下均显著低于对照，T3处理总酸含量较CK降低了40.00%，T₄处理的蛋白质含量较对照稍有增加。【结论】 在黄腐酸磷酸二氢钾水溶配方肥用量为144 kg/667 m² （化肥减施率17%）处理可以显著降骏枣低果实裂果率和黑头率，有效促进骏枣生长、提高产量和提升果实品质，黄腐酸磷酸二氢钾水溶配方肥最佳施用量为144 kg/667 m²。

Effects of Reducing Fertilizer Application and Increasing Application of Fulvic Acid Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Water-soluble Formula Fertilizer on the Growth and Quality of Junzao Jujube

【Objective】 To study the effect of increasing application of fulvic acid potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble formula fertilizer on the growth and quality of Junzao jujube under the circumstance of reducing chemical fertilizer application in the hope of providing some scientific basis. 【Method】 With Junzao as the experimental material， a random block group experiment was adopted， and a total of 5 fertilization treatments were set up， and conventional fertilization was used as the control （CK）. 60 kg/667 m² （T₁）， 96 kg/667 m² （T₂）， 120 kg/667 m² （T₃）， 144 kg/667 m² （T₄）， the fertilizer reduction rates were 65%， 45%， 31%， and 17%， respectively. It was applied to the experimental plot 11 times by drip irrigation. During the fruit maturity period， the leaf length， leaf width， jujube hanging length， fruit shape index， fruit cracking rate， blackhead rate， fruit quality and yield were measured， and the application of different amounts of fulvic acid phosphoric acid was analyzed under the condition of reduced application of chemical fertilizers. Meanwhile， effects of potassium hydrogen water-soluble formula fertilizer on the growth and quality of Junzao jujube were studied. 【Result】 The test results showed that the leaf length and width of Junzao increased under T₄ treatment， and the length of jujube hangings increased significantly in T₃ and T₄ treatments. At the same time， compared with CK， T₃ treatment decreased by 45.78%， and T₄ treatment was significantly higher than that of CK. Compared with the control， the blackhead rate decreased by 69.50%； the T₄ treatment significantly increased the single fruit weight and yield， which were 18.87% and 13.62% higher than the control， respectively. Compared with the control， each treatment increased the VC content and reducing sugar content and the VC content of the T₂ treatment was similar. Compared with CK， it increased by 78.75%， and the total acid content in each treatment was significantly lower than that of the control. The total acid content of T₃ treatment decreased by 40.00% compared with CK， and the protein content of T₄ treatment was slightly increased compared with the control. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis in the treatment of 144 kg/667 m² of fulvic acid potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble formula fertilizer （chemical fertilizer reduction rate of 17%） can significantly reduce the low fruit cracking rate and blackhead rate of Junzao， effectively promote its growth， thus improving yield and improve fruit quality； The optimum application rate of fulvic acid potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble formula fertilizer in this experiment was 144 kg/667 m².