农业机械化、规模经营与农民增收——基于江苏省种植类家庭农场的抽样调查证据

在共同富裕和农业现代化背景下，探讨农业机械化对规模经营农户收入的影响有重要现实意义。基于江苏省433个种植类家庭农场的抽样调查数据，用OLS模型和分位数回归模型在微观层面实证分析二者的关系和作用机制。研究结果表明：农业机械化显著促进了家庭农场增收，且对不同收入群体的增收效果存在差异，农业机械化对中、低收入家庭农场的增收作用更大，从而有利于缩小收入差距；农业机械化主要通过提高家庭农场的农业收入而提高其总收入，从而有利于家庭农场的专业化经营；对于种植作物类型不同的家庭农场，农业机械化对其收入的影响存在异质性，农业机械化显著促进种植纯粮食作物的家庭农场增收，而对种植纯经济作物的家庭农场增收效果不显著；农业机械化通过提高家庭农场的经营规模，进而提高其农业收入和总收入。为促进农民增收、实现共同富裕，建议对农户的农机购置给予更多样化的政策支持，发展农机社会化服务，推动土地经营权有序流转，并进一步为家庭农场的适度规模经营提供制度保障。

Agricultural mechanization,large scale farming and income increasing of farmers: Based on a sample survey of family farms in Jiangsu province

In the context of common prosperity and agricultural modernization, it is of great practical significance to discuss the influence of agricultural mechanization on the income of large scale farmers. Based on sampling data of 433 plantation family farms in Jiangsu province, OLS model and quantile regression model are used to empirically analyze the relationship and influencing mechanism between them at the micro level. The results show that agricultural mechanization significantly increases the total income of family farms, and the income increasing effect of different income groups is different. Agricultural mechanization has greater income increasing effect on middle and low income family farms, thus helping to narrow the income gap. Agricultural mechanization mainly increases agricultural income of family farms and thus increases their total income, which helps the specialization of family farms. For family farms with different crop types, there is heterogeneity in the impact of agricultural mechanization on income increasing. Agricultural mechanization significantly increases the income of family farms growing pure grain crops, but has no significant effect on the income of family farms growing pure economic crops. Agricultural mechanization increases agricultural income and total income by increasing farming scale. In order to increase farmers income and achieve common prosperity, it is suggested to give more diversified policy support to farmers purchase of agricultural machinery, develop socialized agricultural machinery services, promote orderly transfer of farmland management rights, and provide institutional guarantee for the moderate operation scale of family farms.