200份南方花生种质主要性状分析与综合评价

为充分利用地方花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）种质资源，探索已收集到的200份南方花生种质材料的利用价值，对其12个主要性状进行考察，通过变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析深入鉴定和评价.结果表明：这些材料的7个株型相关性状变异范围较大，变异系数介于0.16~0.73；而3个品质相关性状的变异幅度极小，变异系数介于0.03~0.09；2个产量相关性状的变异幅度居中，变异系数为0.28和0.37.且相关性分析表明产量相关性状与品质相关性状之间具有显著的相关关系.主成分分析将12个主要性状归为4个主成分，累计贡献率达71.51%，可综合概括这些性状的表现.随后根据性状特征将200份花生材料进行聚类分析划分为4大类，其中C类和D类种质材料的综合主成分得分最高，在产量和品质相关性状方面表现优秀.该鉴定评价结果能为200份花生种质材料进一步合理利用及选育适合南方的优异品种提供科学理论依据.

Main traits analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 200 southern peanut germplasm

In order to make full use of local peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm resources, the utilization value of 200 peanut germplasm materials collected from South China was explored, and 12 main characters of peanut germplasm materials were investigated, and further identified and evaluated by variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that 7 plant-type related traits of these materials had a wide range of variation, with the variation coefficient between 0.16-0.73. While the variation range of the 3 quality-related traits was minimal, with the variation coefficient between 0.03-0.09. The variation range of the two yield-related traits was median with the coefficient of variation was 0.28 and 0.37. And correlation analysis showed that there was significant correlation between yield related traits and quality-related traits. Principal component analysis classified 12 main traits into 4 principal components,with a cumulative contribution rate of 71.51%, which could comprehensively summarize the performance of these traits. Then, the 200 materials were divided into four groups by cluster analysis based on their traits. The C and D germplasm materials had the highest comprehensive principal component scores and showed excellent performance in yield and quality related traits. The identification and evaluation results provided a scientific theoretical basis for the further rational utilization of 200 peanut germplasm materials and breeding of excellent varieties suitable for South China.