密度对玉米穗部性状及产量的影响

【目的】 分析密度对玉米穗部性状及产量的影响,为灌区春玉米品种选择与增密增产提供理论依据及技术参考。【方法】 以玉米品种宁单41号、宁1530、宁玉51号、先玉335为试验材料,设置82 500、90 000、97 500和105 000 株/hm²4种密度处理,分析密度对穗部性状及籽粒产量的影响。【结果】 随着密度的增加,穗部性状的秃尖长度增加,而除秃尖长度外的11个穗部性状指标降低;密度增加下各品种玉米的平均变异系数表现为秃尖长度、穗上部的百粒重、行粒数最大,而穗行数、穗粗、出籽率平均变异系数最小;增密下穗上部百粒重变化幅度大于穗中部、穗下部;行粒数降低幅度长穗品种大于中短穗品种,在密度97 500 株/hm²以上时表现最明显。【结论】 随着种植密度增加,增加了有效穗数,而穗粒数和千粒重明显降低;宁玉51号、宁1530在105 000 株/hm²密度下产量最高,先玉335、宁单41号在97 500 株/hm²密度下产量最高。

Effects of Planting Density on Plant Characters,Ear Characters and Yield in Maize

【Objective】 To carry out field experiments by using spring maize cultivar Ningdan 41, Ning 1530, Ningyu 51, Xianyu 335, and four planting density treatments including D₁(82,500 plants/hm²), D₂(90,000 plants/hm²), D₃(97,500 plants/hm²) and D₄(105,000 plants/hm²) were designed. 【Methods】 The influence off our planting density treatments on ear characters and yield were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that with the increase of planting density,the bald tip length of ear characters were increased, while 11 ear characters (measured all ear characters except bald tip length) were decreased; The results also showed that the average coefficient of variation of each maize variety was bald tip length, 100 grain weight at the top of ear and the number of grains per row was highest, while the average coefficient of variation of row number per ear, ear diameter and seed yield rate was the smallest; the variation range of 100 grain weight in the upper ear was greater than that in the middle and lower part of ear; the decreasing range of grain number per row in long ear varieties was larger than that in middle and short ear varieties, and it was the most obvious when the density was above 97,500 plants /hm². 【Conclusion】 With the increase of planting density, the number of effective panicles increased, while the number of grains per spike and 1,000 grain weight decreased significantly, the yields of Ning1530 and Ningyu 51 were the highest at the planting density of 10,5000 plants/hm², and the yields of Ningdan 41 and Xianyu 335 were the highest at the planting density of 97,500 plants/hm².