水氮耦合对滴灌小麦生理生长及产量的影响

【目的】研究新疆南疆地区水肥耦合对滴灌冬小麦生理生长及产量的影响。【方法】以新冬52号为供试材料,两因素裂区试验设计,设置灌水处理3个水平:W₁(2 241m³/hm²)、W₂(3 486m³/hm²)、W₃(4 731m³/hm²);设置施肥处理(氮素)4个水平:N₀(0 kg/hm²)、N₁(135 kg/hm²)、N₂(195 kg/hm²)、N₃(255 kg/hm²),分析不同水氮组合对滴灌冬小麦株高、叶面积、光合特性(净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间隙CO₂浓度(Ci)、产量及水氮利用效率的变化。【结果】(1)随着灌水量的增加或施N_量的增加, 新冬52号冬小麦的株高、叶面积、光合特性和产量呈现同步增加趋势;(2)但灌水量过少时(W₁处理),增加N_肥并不明显提高产量和光合性能;当灌水量提高到W₂和W₃水平后,株高、叶面积、光合特性和产量随着施N_量的增加呈现明显的增加趋势,表现出以水带肥的良好效果。 (3)在各处理中, W₃N₂(灌水4 731m³/hm²、施氮N₁95kg/hm²)的产量最大(8 570 kg/hm²),相对应的各项光合特性值也达到最大值; (4)W₂N₂处理(灌水3 486m³/hm²、施N₁95kg/hm²)的产量则处于次大值(8 465 kg/hm²),W₂N₂的光合特性值并非最大,但其N_肥农学利用率达到最大值(16.69 kg/kg ),灌溉水生产效率也达到最大值(1.66 kg/m³ );(5)W₂N₂与W₃N₂相比,虽然产量减少了105 kg/hm²(减少1.2%),但灌水量减少了1 245 m³/h²(减少26.3%)、施肥量减少60 kg/hm²(减少23.53%)。【结论】灌水3 486 m³/hm²和氮肥195kg/hm² 的技术组合可作为新冬52号冬小麦的节本增效生产方案。

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Physiological Growth and Yield of Wheat under Drip Irrigation

【Objective】 To study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on physiological growth and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Xindong 52 was used as the test material, and the two-factor split zone experiment was designed. Three levels of irrigation treatment were set: W₁ (2,241 m³/hm²), W₂ (3,486 m³/hm²) and W₃ (4,731 m³/hm²). Four levels of fertilization treatment (nitrogen) were set: N₀ (0 kg/hm²), N₁ (135 kg/hm²), N₂ (195 kg/hm²), N₃ (255 kg/hm²). The effects of different combinations of water and nitrogen on plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic characteristics (Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci), yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation were analyzed.【Result】 (1) With the increase of irrigation amount or N amount, the plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Xindong 52 winter wheat increased synchronously.(2) When the irrigation amount was too low (W₁ treatment), increasing N fertilizer did not significantly improve the yield and photosynthetic performance; When the irrigation amount was increased to W₂ and W₃ levels, plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic characteristics and yield showed an obvious trend of increase with the increase of N application rate, which showed a good effect of waterborne fertilizer. (3) Among all treatments, W₃N₂ (4,731 m³/hm² irrigation, N₁ 95 kg/hm² application) had the highest yield (8,570 kg/hm²), and the corresponding photosynthetic characteristic values also reached the maximum; (4) The yield of W₂N₂ treatment (3,486 m³/hm² and 195 kg/hm²) was at the sub-maximum value (8,465 kg/hm²). The photosynthetic characteristic value of W₂N₂ was not the maximum, but the agricultural utilization rate of N fertilizer reached the maximum (16.69 kg/kg), and the production efficiency of irrigation water also reached the maximum (1.66 kg/m³). (5) Compared with W₃N₂, the yield of W₂N₂ decreased by 105kg/hm² (decreased by 1.2%), but the irrigation amount decreased by 1,245 m³/hm² (decreased by 26.3%). 【Conclusion】 The technical combination of irrigation water of 3,486 m³/hm² and nitrogen fertilizer of 195 kg/hm² can be used as the cost-saving and efficiency-increase production scheme of "Xindong 52" winter wheat.