基于综合服务功能评价的北方城市绿化树种筛选

以杨陵区内常见24种绿化树种为对象，通过野外综合调查、采样和室内试验，测定获得每个树种的绿量、绿叶期、美观度、涵养水分、滞尘、降温增湿和固碳释氧能力等指标数据，应用主成分分析法，进行了绿化树种的综合服务功能评价。结果表明:1)从树木单项服务功能来讲，绿量密度较大的树种有广玉兰、雪松、刺柏(222.2~253.6 g·m^-3)；单位冠体树叶滞尘能力较强的树种有悬铃木、广玉兰(32.0~39.0 g·m^-3)；单位冠体叶日固碳释氧能力较强的树种有栾树、悬铃木和广玉兰(1 000~1 700 g·m^-3)；根区土壤较非根区田间持水量提高较大的树种有苦楝、银杏、白皮松、圆柏和广玉兰(14.32%~18.44%)；树木美观度评分较高的树种有紫荆、桂花、樱树、广玉兰 (10.2~10.9分)；单位冠体绿量降噪能力较强的有广玉兰、刺柏、龙柏和雪松(10.2~13.2 dB·m^-3)；单位冠体树叶降温增湿能力较强的有广玉兰、悬铃木、紫荆(1.92~2.48 g·m^-3)。2)综合考虑树种的景观服务功能与生态服务功能对树种进行综合评价与筛选，在落叶阔叶树中，悬铃木、七叶树、梧桐、银杏和栾树可以作为城市绿化的首选树种。在常绿树种中，广玉兰、圆柏和刺柏可以作为城市绿化的首选树种。

Selection of Greening Tree Species in Northern Cities of China Based on Comprehensive Service Function Evaluation

The service function of urban landscaping ecosystem is mainly reflected in its landscape service and ecological service.The traditional tree species selection mainly considers the landscape service function but ignores the ecological service function.Therefore,the selection of urban greening tree species based on comprehensive service function evaluation can scientifically guide the future urban greening work.In this paper,24 common greening tree species in northern cities of China were selected as the research objects.Through field comprehensive investigation,sampling and indoor test,the data of green quantity,green leaf period,beauty,water conservation,dust retention,carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of each tree species were obtained.The comprehensive service function of greening tree species was evaluated by grading score method and principal component analysis method.1) In terms of the individual service functions of trees,tree species with higher leaf biomass density included Magnolia grandiflora,Cedrus deodara,Juniperus formosana (222.2-253.6 g/m³).The tree species with stronger dust retention capacity per unit crown leaf included Platanus orientalis and M.grandiflora (32.0-39.0 g/m³).Trees with strong carbon sequestration and oxygen release ability included Koelreuteria paniculata,P.orientalis,and M.grandiflora (1 000-1 700 g/m³).Melia azedarach,Ginkgo biloba,Pinus bungeana,Sabina chinensis and M.grandiflora significantly promoted the water conservation capacity of tree roots (14.32%-18.44%).Cercis chinensis,Osmanthus fragrans,Cerasus jamasakura and M.grandiflora (10.2-10.9 points) presented high decoration values.The tree species with strong noise reduction ability of green quantity per unit crown volume included M.grandiflora,J.formosana,J.chinensis,C.deodara (10.2-13.2 dB/m³).The tree species with strong transpiration cooling capacity per unit crown included M.grandiflora,Platanus orientalis,and C.chinensis (1.92-2.48 g/m³).2) Comprehensively considering the landscape service function and ecological service function of tree species,in deciduous broad-leaved trees:P.orientalis,Aesculus chinensis,Firmiana simplex,G.biloba,Koelreuteria paniculata could be selected as the first choice for city greening.In evergreen tree species:M.grandiflora,Sabina chinensis,J.formosana could be selected as the first choice for city greening.