控水控肥对微喷灌三七土壤磷素的影响

通过3个控水水平和4个控肥水平正交试验,对2017—2019年泸西县大栗树村三七典型种植区控水控肥条件下微喷灌三七土壤全磷和速效磷运移分布及其储量特性进行试验研究.结果表明:不同灌水量全磷以三七植株为中心沿水平方向和土壤深度增大均逐渐减小,水平方向最大值出现范围在0~10 cm,土壤深度最大值出现范围在0~20 cm.速效磷沿水平方向和土壤深度增大均先减小后增大,沿水平方向和土壤深度方向最大值出现范围均在0~20 cm.不同施肥量全磷和速效磷以三七植株为中心沿水平方向和土壤深度增大均先减小后增大,处理W3F2全磷和速效磷水平方向和土壤深度方向最大值出现范围在0~10 cm.不同灌水量全磷和速效磷分布均匀系数均随灌水量增加先减小后增大,处理W3F2全磷和速效磷分布均匀系数最小,分别为46.77%和62.70%,处理CK全磷偏态系数为负值,其余处理全磷和速效磷偏态系数均为正值.不同施肥量全磷和速效磷分布均匀系数均随施肥量增加先减小后增大,处理W2F3全磷分布均匀系数最小,为46.83%;处理W2F4速效磷分布均匀系数最小,为68.68%;处理W2F1速效磷偏态系数为负值,其余处理全磷和速效磷偏态系数均为正值.不同灌水量全磷和速效磷储量在土壤表层0~20 cm最大,全磷和速效磷储量均随土壤深度增加而减少,随灌水量增加而增加.不同施肥量全磷和速效磷储量均随施肥量增加先增大后减小,处理W2F3全磷和速效磷储量平均值最大.该研究对三七土壤水肥高效利用和调控提供技术支持,对三七高产优质种植具有指导意义.

Effects of water and fertilizer control on soil phosphorus content of Panax notoginseng under micro-sprinkler irrigation

Through three orthogonal tests at water control levels and four at fertilizer control levels, an experimental study was carried out on the migration distribution and reserve characteristics of total phosphorus and available phosphorus under micro-sprinkler irrigation in Panicum under water control and fertilizer control in the typical planting area of Panicum in Dalishu Village, Luxi County, Yunnan province from 2017 to 2019. The results showed that the total phosphorus content with Panax notoginseng as the center of different irrigation amount decreased gradually in the horizontal direction and the increase of soil depth. The maximum value in the horizontal direction ranged from 0 to 10cm, and the maximum value in the soil depth ranged from 0 to 20 cm.The available phosphorus decreased first and then increased in the horizontal direction and soil depth, and the maximum appeared in the range of 0-20 cm in the horizontal direction and soil depth. With Panax notoginseng plants as the center, total phosphorus and available phosphorus at different fertilization rates decreased first and then increased in the horizontal direction and soil depth. The maximum value of total phosphorus and available phospho-rus in the horizontal direction and soil depth ranged from 0 to 10 cm. The distribution uniformity coefficients of total phosphorus and available phosphorus at different irrigation volumes decreased first and then increased with the increase of irrigation volume. The distribution uniformity coefficients of total phosphorus and available phosphorus at W3F2 treatment were the lowest, 46.77% and 62.70%, respectively; the skewness coefficients of total phosphorus at CK treatment were negative; the skewness coefficients of total phosphorus and available phosphorus at other treatments were positive.The distribution uniformity coefficients of total phosphorus and available phosphorus at different fertilizer rates decreased first and then increased with the increase of fertilizer rates. The distribution uniformity coefficient of total phosphorus at W2F3 treatment was the lowest, which was 46.83%, and that at W2F4 treatment was the lowest, which was 68.68%. The skewness coefficient of available phosphorus at W2F1 treatment was negative, and the skewness coefficients of total phosphorus and available phosphorus at other treatments were both positive.The reserves of total phosphorus and available phosphorus at different irrigation volumes were the largest at 0-20 cm on the surface of soil. The reserves of total phosphorus and available phosphorus decreased with the increase of soil depth and increased with the increase of irrigation volume. Total phosphorus and available phosphorus reserves at different fertilizer rates increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer rates, and the average value of total phosphorus and available phosphorus reserves at W2F3 treatment was the highest.This study provided technical support for the efficient utilization and regulation of soil water and fertilizer in Panax notoginseng and had important guiding significance for the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Panax notoginseng.