野生绢丝昆虫栗蚕的生物学特性及驯养技术与资源利用研究

栗蚕(Dictyoploca japonica)是珍贵的野生绢丝昆虫资源。总结概述近10余年对栗蚕生物学性状、驯养技术以及蚕丝与蛹蛋白资源的特性等方面的研究进展,包括:栗蚕的生活史、形态等基础生物学性状,幼虫的食性、眠性以及卵的耐寒性、发育起点温度与有效积温等生理与生态学特性;适宜栗蚕人工放养的最佳饲料树种,栗蚕保种、暖种、收蚁、放养、防病、制种等驯养技术;栗蚕茧丝的荧光反射特性,蛹蛋白和丝蛋白的氨基酸组成特点,蛹体液活性物质的抗菌活力。上述研究为及时有效地抢救、保护和利用野生栗蚕资源提供了关键技术,而且对于将我国的特种绢丝昆虫资源优势转变为蚕丝产业的可持续发展优势,具有十分重要的意义。

Biological Characters,Domestication Technology and Resource Utilization of Wild Silk-spinning Insect Camphor Silkworm

Camphor silkworm(Dictyoploca japonica) is one of the precious wild silk-spinning insect resources.This article summarized recent progresses of study on camphor silkworm in terms of biological character,domestication technology,and functional features of silk and pupal protein,including basic biological characters such as life cycle and morphology of camphor silkworm,and physiological and ecological features such as food habit and moultinism of the larvae,cold tolerance,developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of the eggs.The suitable food plant species for artificial rearing of camphor silkworm,and domestication technology of seed cocoon conservation,incubation,larva collection,rearing,disease control and seed production were introduced.Fluorescence reflectivity of silk yarn of camphor silkworm,amino acid compositions of pupal protein and fibroin,and antibacterial activity of active substances from pupal body fluid were also described.The above investigations not only provide key technologies for rescuing and protecting camphor silkworm from extinction,but also are of great importance on turning the advantages of specific silk-spinning insect resources into advantages on sustainable development of silk industry.