作物干旱胁迫补偿效应研究进展

干旱是作物生长环境中普遍存在的逆境胁迫之一,在一定范围的干旱胁迫后复水短期内,作物在生理生化代谢和生长发育等方面产生补偿或超补偿效应的正面效应,以弥补干旱胁迫期间对作物造成的伤害和损失.补偿效应是作物抵御逆境胁迫的重要调节机制,也是对作物进行有效水分调控,实现节水高效农业的主要生理依据.文中从生长、生理生化、代谢及产量补偿效应及其影响因素等进行了综述.在此基础上,提出今后可从胁迫-复水条件下作物农艺及生理指标的补偿机制,光合作用的补偿规律及反馈机制,水分胁迫后补偿效应的效益评价3个方面进行研究.对于完善和丰富生物性节水理论和指导农业高效用水管理,发展节水灌溉和提供作物水分生产力具有重要的理论意义和实用价值.

Advances in research on compensation effects of crops under drought stress

Drought is one of the common environmental stresses in crop growth environment. After a certain range of drought stress, in a short-term rewatering, a positive effect of compensation or over compensation effect can be prouduced by crops in physiological and biochemical metabolism and growth to make up the damage and loss caused by drought during the drought. Compensation effect is an important regulation mechanism for crops to resist a stress, but also is the main physiological basis for crops to control water content effectively and to realize the water saving and high efficiency agriculture. The growth compensation, physological and biochemical compensations, metabolism and yeild compensations and their inflencing factors are reviewd in the paper. On the basis, three research issues are put forward for the future, i.e. compensation mechanism agronomy and physiological index in drought stress and rewatering, compensation and feedback mechanism of photosynthesis, and benefit evaluation of compensation effect after water stress. The paper has important theoretical and practical significance for improving and enriching the theory of biological water saving, guiding the management of agricultural efficient water use, developing water-saving irrigation and providing crop water productivity.