汽车发动机冷却水泵的研究进展

冷却系统对汽车发动机性能具有重要的影响,发动机冷却水泵已成为国内外的研究热点.分析了离心式发动机冷却水泵的结构特点与能量特性,总结了制约汽车发动机冷却水泵发展的关键影响因素.由于发动机冷却水泵的空间结构受限、工作环境温度高、转速变化大,工作过程极易发生汽蚀破坏,严重影响发动机冷却水泵及冷却系统的可靠及稳定运行,易出现轴承损坏、水封失效、振动噪声等问题.从发动机冷却水泵水力性能、汽蚀性能以及可靠性等3个方面综述了近年来国内外研究取得的相关成果,对发动机冷却水泵技术研究的发展和趋势进行了展望,提出未来需要进一步深入研究的内容和方向:基于PIV技术研究发动机冷却水泵内部流动规律,建立泵内流特征和外特性之间的关系;掌握发动机冷却水泵热力学效应下的汽蚀机理,探讨汽蚀诱导压力脉动的危害,进一步提高发动机冷却水泵的性能和可靠性;注重发动机冷却水泵零部件的标准化、模块化和系列化开发,构建“互联网+汽车水泵标准件”的发展模式,实现发动机冷却水泵智能、可控、高效运行.

A review of engine cooling water pump

Cooling system has an important influence on automobile engine performance, and engine cooling water pump(ECWP)in the system has been a research focus at home and abroad. Structural characteristics and hydraulic performances of centrifugal ECWP are analyzed, and the key factors affecting the development of ECWP are also summarized. Cavitation in the ECWP occurs easier under the high working temperature, the limited seriously space structure and the changed severely rotating speed, which seriously affects the cooling system's stability and reliability and brings into a series of problems such as bearing damage, seal failure, shaft fatigue fracture and noise. In this study, achievements on hydraulic, cavitation performances and reliability of ECWP are reviewed, and the development tendency and research focuses in the future are put forward. Firstly, a connection between internal flow feature and hydrodynamic performance needs to be established based on the particle image velocimetry(PIV)technology. Secondly, cavitation mechanism of ECWP with thermodynamic effect needs to be understood and the disadvantage of pressure pulsation caused by cavitation needs to be clarified to improve hydrodynamic performance and reliability. At last, standardization, modularization and serialization of ECWP components should be paid attention, and a development model called "Internet plus Automobile Standard Parts" should be constructed to make ECWP intelligent, controllable and efficient.