“西峰号”小麦品种的选育及持续旱作育种途径探讨

50多年来,陇东地区共培育和推广了127个优良冬小麦新品种,实现了六次小麦品种更新换代。育成的主要品种遗传基础包含了地方品种白齐麦、山西小白麦,碧蚂4号、农大183以及国外种质钱交麦、新乌克兰83、苏联早熟1号、早洋麦三大基因群。产量持续提高,90年代比80年代产量提高了19.98%,比50年代提高了55.27%;单位面积有效穗数是陇东地区冬小麦产量三要素的主导因素;穗粒数的变化趋势和成穗数基本一致;千粒重不断提高,近期比90年代产量提高了14.78%,比50年代提高了57.14%;收获系数的提高是不同年代冬小麦新品种产量提高的主要来源。加强旱作种质资源的评判、筛选和创造是提高持续旱作育种效率的关键。

"Xifeng symbol"Wheat variety seed selection and Discussion route about Continuously Breeding

For over 50 years, the east area of Gansu Province has cultivated and popularized the new variety of 127 new winter wheat recommended variety together, have realized six wheat varieties are updated. Main variety hereditary foundation that breed include three major genes group. The three major genes group include local variety Baiqi wheat, Shanxi Xiaobai wheat, Bima 4, Agricultural University No. 183, and foreign variety Qianjiao wheat, new Ukraine No.83,early-maturing No.1of Russian, Zaoyang wheat. The output was improved continuously.In the 1990s the output was improved by 19.98% than the 1980s , and improved by 55.27% than the 1950s. It is the leading factors of three key elements in output of winter wheat that counted of available spica in per unit of area on east area in Gansu Province, It is basically identical that variation tendency about counted seed of per spica and counted of earbearing tiller; The thousand-grain weight are improving constantly in recently, output raise 14.78% than 1990s, raise 57.14% than 1950s, The output raise of various years winter wheat new variety main source that improvement to harvest of coefficient. The key of improvement to continuously breeding efficiency by drought farming on non-irrigated land that strengthen judge, screening and create for seed resource of drought farming.