黄河壶口至龙门段全新世古洪水滞流沉积物研究

通过野外考察,在黄河晋陕峡谷发现全新世古洪水滞流沉积物地层。对于采取的沉积物和黄土古土壤样品,进行磁化率、烧失量、碳酸钙和粒度成分的测试分析。综合野外观测和实验分析结果,确定它们是黄河悬移质泥沙在高水位滞流环境当中的沉积物。其主要成分是粉沙,次要成分为细沙,据此确定其质地属于细沙质粉沙。其磁化率略高于黄河河床相沙质沉积物,但是远低于全新世风成黄土和古土壤。其频率曲线为极正偏态,主峰高而且尖锐,表明分析性很好,粒度成分很集中。这是因为其在黄河洪水当中长距离搬运分选的结果。与泾河、洛河和漆水河比较,黄河晋陕峡谷全新世古洪水沉积物粒度成分偏粗。这表明黄河洪水搬运动力较强,且其悬移质泥沙是流域内黄土地区和风沙地区水土流失产物的混合物。这些特大洪水沉积层之间,被坡积角砾石或者石渣土层分隔开来,每一层记录了一个古洪水事件。

Sedimentological Study of the Palaeoflood Slackwater Deposits in the Hukou-Longmen Reach of the Yellow River

Holocene palaeoflood slackwater deposits were found in Jinshan Gorges in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.They were identified by sedimentary criteria during fieldwork initially.A bedset of 4 palaeoflood SWD was seen in the cliff section of a high flood bench.Each of the SWD represents one individual palaeoflood event.The analytical results of grain-size distribution,magnetic susceptibility,loss-on-ignition and calcium carbonate indicated that the SWD were deposited from the suspended sediment load in...