稻田少耕轮耕体系及其配套机具的研究(Ⅰ)——研究依据、设计原理及经济效益的分析

鉴于低洼粘朽稻田采用翻(14-16 cm深)-耙-耢耕作方法有许多不足之处,影响水稻的产量和作业成本的降低.因此设计了稻田少耕轮耕体系.经过第一、二阶段试验——平翻深松少耕体系,肯定了稻田加深耕层的增产作物及两年的后效.为了降低平翻深松作业次数和成本,设计了旋耕深松-耙茬(或旋耕)一耙茬的三年少耕轮耕体系.经过三年试验,证明这种耕作体系有增产10%以上和降低作业成本52.8%的效果.同时设计和制造了相应的农具—水旱兼用旋耕机.

THE SYSTEM OF LESS AND ALTERNATE TILLAGE FOR PADDY FIELD AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION (Ⅰ)

Conventional tillage method of paddy field in Heilongjiang prov. is plow at 14-16 cm. The design of suitable deepen tillage for paddy field can both create a more profitable soil environment and save the tillage cost and energy consumption. In this paper former three parts fo the whole article were included. The system was designed for 2-3 year period i. e. deep tillage at first year with plowing subsoil or deep subsoiling without reverse the soil layer, disking or rotoring the field at the second year or even at the 3rd year. in which the after effect of deep tillage is utilized. The results of former three stages experiment from 1978-1983 showed that the rice yield of subsoiling increases 19.6% than the checked field, but the cost of tillage increased 26.1% than the checked field and the yield increased 10.6% even in 2nd year with only disking the field, so that was cheaper than the checked field. Small interval subsoiling without reverse the soil layer increased the yield about 12% in the first year and the second year with only disking, which gave the same yield as the first year, and the cost decreased about 50% than the checked field. About the improvement of the soil environment, the effect to the growth of the rice and the design, manufacturing of Rote-Subsoiler implement will informed in the 2,3 and 4 sectios of this study.