浙江人口和粮食的历史回顾和展望

本文对浙江人口增长和粮食生产的关系作了农业发展史的回顾和前瞻,指出浙江人粮关系的转折时期在宋代,当时采取扩大耕地和提高单产并进的途径,成功地缓和了人口压力,成为东南首富的粮区。到清末因各种原因人口迅长,生产条件恶化,使浙江转陷于缺粮省份。建国以来,在二千万的人口基数上起步,由于前期失控,致使短期内人口加倍。但因依靠现代农业科学和传统农业结合,在耕地渐减的情况下,不断提高单产和总产,实现了人民生活水平的提高。但因人地比下降,人粮的紧张关系仍未解除。今后必须大力加强农业科学研究、提高农民文化水平,才能应付未来的挑战。

Historical review and prospect of population-food relation in Zhejiang Province

This paper gives an agricultural historical review and the prospect of the relation between population increase and food production, and points out that the critical period of population-food relation of Zhejiang Province began at Song Dynasty (960-1279) . At that time, two approaches, i.e., enlarging the land for cultivation and increasing the per unit yield of food crops, were taken, and had Successfully slowed down the population pressure. This made Zhejiang the first rich food production base in southeast China. At late Qing Dynasty (19th C. ) , however, the sharp increase of population and the going from bad to worse situation, food production had changed Zhejiang into a food deficiency province. After the founding of New China, Zhejiang started off her construction with a population of 20 million. Owing to the neglect in birth control, the population had doubled within 37 years. Depending on the combination of agricultural science with traditional agriculture, Zhejiang has succeeded in raising her per unit yield of food crops and total food production continuously in spite of the gradual decrease of land for food. However, because of the progressive decrease of the population-land ratio, the tense situation of the population-food relation has not relieved yet. So, in order to meet the challenge, it is suggested that the agricultural research work be enforced and the cultural level and the education of farmers be strengthened in the near future.