哈尔滨市7种乡土树木应用对策的研究

哈尔滨市绿地树种规划与园林植物的应用中,存在着本地资源种类选择及应用研究欠缺问题.在分析哈尔滨市周边自然植被五常凤凰山13个自然植物群落结构及植物种类构成特点的基础上,根据其种类在植物群落结构构成中先锋种、优势种及不同群落出现的频率,选择自然群落出现频率高、自然群落结构重要、观赏性优良的7种乔木和灌木作为研究对象.结合调查其在哈尔滨市区不同绿地类型与生境的生长状况、大树存在情况及不同历史阶段应用的生长状况,同时选择不同生境和不同规格的典型个体,通过测定不同绿地生境中叶片单位面积干物质重量及病虫害的差异性比较研究,从多视角评价7种树木在城市不同生境的适应能力.结果表明:蒙古栎、紫椴、水曲柳、白桦、色木槭、金银忍冬和鸡树条荚蒾7种树木在哈尔滨市区不同生境的绿地类型生长良好,适于应用.其中水曲柳、白桦、色木槭、金银忍冬及鸡树条荚蒾建议作为哈尔滨市骨干树种,蒙古栎与紫椴可用于各类型绿地,但须注意病虫害防治.

Study on Application Countermeasures of 7 Kinds of Native Trees in Harbin City

The tree species planning and application of landscape plants in Harbin city are lack of selection and application of local plant species.Based on the analysis of the structure characteristics of 13 natural plant communities and plant species in Mount Fenghuang near to Harbin,and according to the pioneer species,dominant species and the frequency of the species in different communities,7 kinds of native trees were selected for studying,which were important tree species in the structure of natural communities and had high ornamental quality.The growth status of 7 kinds of trees in different urban green space types and habitats in Harbin,and some of different historical stages and large sized trees were investigated,selected typical individual trees of different sizes in different habitats for collecting,measured the difference of the dry weight per square centimeter leaf in different habitats and compared the differences of plant diseases and insect pests in different habitats,evaluated the ability of 7 kinds of trees to adapt to different habitats in the city from multiple perspectives.The results showed that Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.,Quercus mongolica,Betula platyphylla Suk,Tilia amurensis Rupr.,Acer mono Maxim.,Lonicera maackii(Rupr.)Maxim.,Viburmum sargentii Koehne grew well in different habitats and could be applied in Harbin.Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.,Betula platyphylla Suk,Acer mono Maxim.,Lonicera maackii(Rupr.)Maxim.,Viburmum sargentii koehne were recommended as the vital trees of Harbin,and Quercus mongolica,Tilia amurensis Rupr.could be used in various types of green space,but at the same time plant diseases and insect pests should be prevented and controlled.