杀灭松材线虫的高效药物筛选与毒性测定

为筛选出对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus具有高效快速杀灭作用的药物，采用线虫悬浮液 + 农药的直接触杀法，选择了22种药物处理松材线虫1 h，测定了对松材线虫的半致死浓度（LC₅₀）。结果表明：不同药物对松材线虫表现出不同的杀灭作用，供试的22种药物中，甲基阿维菌素（甲维盐）杀灭效果最好，1 h 半致死浓度仅为0.3 mg·L^－1；杀螟丹效果最差，1 h 半致死浓度达21 053 mg·L^－1。另外，苦参碱、抑太保、溴氰菊酯和阿维菌素等4种药物对松材线虫具有很强的毒杀作用，其1 h半致死浓度分别为1.2，2.5，4.2和4.5 mg·L^－1。甲维盐和阿维菌素能高效快速杀灭松材线虫；这些对松材线虫高效敏感药物的筛选成功，为开发树干注射剂防治松材线虫病提供了基础。图1表3参25

Pesticide toxicity and selection for the pine wood nematode

To determine highly toxic and fast-acting pesticides to combat the pine wood nematode（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus）,a toxicity test of 22 kinds of pesticide used against the pine wood nematode（PWN） was conducted using a PWN suspension liquid plus pesticide with a processing time of 1 h to determine a median lethal concentration（LC50） for each pesticide.Results showed that the LC50 after a 1 h treatment was best with emamectin（0.3 mg·L-1） and worst with cartap（21.053 g·L-1）.In addition,four kinds of pesticide revealed acute activity toward the pine wood nematode with an LC50 after 1 h treatment of：matrin（1.2 mg·L-1）,chlorfluazuron（2.5 mg·L-1）,deltamethrin（4.2 mg·L-1）,and abamectin（4.5 mg·L-1）.This meant that emamectin and abamectin could quickly and efficiently kill PWN,and the selected pesticides with acute activity to PWN could be used to develop a trunk injection against pine wilt disease.Ch,1 fig.3 tab.25 ref.]