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Present Concepts on the Inflammatory Modulators with Special Reference to Cytokines*
Authors:Van Miert  A.S.J.P.A.M.
Affiliation:(1) Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80152, NL 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
Abstract:
The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines create a network of interactions between cells that lead to both stimulatory and inhibitory responses that maintain an effective homeostatic regulation. The anti-inflammatory cytokines are a family of peptides that modulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Cytokines act in concert with non-cytokine mediators, such as prostaglandin E2, glucocorticosteroids, lipocortins, and catecholamines. This review highlights new developments in our understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammation and gives an example of a more recent approach to the modulation of acute systemic inflammatory disorders: activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors on macrophages. In this respect the potent beta2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol seems of therapeutic interest.
Keywords:acute-phase response    /content/6vfyc91wgj13tta7/xxlarge946.gif"   alt="  beta"   align="  MIDDLE"   BORDER="  0"  >2-adrenergic receptors  catecholamines  clenbuterol  cytokines  glucocorticosteroids  inflammation  lipocortin-1  peptides  prostaglandins
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