部分小麦抗条锈基因及生产品种在云南的抗性表现

为掌握部分小麦已知抗条锈基因及我国小麦当前主要生产品种的抗条锈性变异状况,为其合理利用提供依据,2012-2013年,采用田间病圃自然诱发鉴定法,对21个抗条锈单基因系、15个聚合基因品系及67个小麦生产品种在云南6个地点进行抗性监测。结果表明:Yr27、Yr(7,22,23,Le1,Le2)和Yr(30,Sk,QYR3,QYR4,QYR5,QYR6,QYR7)在云南2年6点都表现稳定的抗性;Yr15、Yr25、YrSu92和Yr(27,Slk)在2年6点中,仅1个点感病且病情指数较低;Yr17、Yr18、Yr24、Yr26、Yr30、Yr32、YrA、YrSp、Yr(1,Ky1,Ky2)、Yr(3a,V23,+)、Yr(A,H)、Yr(Ab,Alb)、Yr(Gui1,Gui2,Gui3)、Yr(8,19,Com)或2年在相同或不同点表现感病,或1年在2点以上表现感病,表明这些基因抗性有丧失趋势;Yr1,Yr2,Yr5,Yr6,Yr7,Yr8,Yr9,Yr10,YrSu,Yr(3a,4a,16),Yr(3a,ND,+),Yr(10,Mor),Yr(17,29,P1,P2),Yr(Ju1,Ju2,Ju3,Ju4),在2年2点以上都表现感病,表明这些基因抗性可能已经丧失。当前在国内被认为有效的抗条锈基因Yr5,Yr10,Yr15和Yr26中,除Yr15抗性相对稳定外,其余3个田间抗性已逐渐丧失。67个国内生产品种或抗源,或多或少,或1年或2年都表现感病,条锈病抗性水平很低,寻找新的抗源并培育新的抗病品种已迫在眉睫。

Resistance of Yr genes and commercial wheat cultivars toyellow rust in Yunnan Province

In order to investigate the resistance of known Yr genes and wheat varieties to the yellow rust disease in Yunnan Province, field trials were conducted at 6 diseased nurseries scattered at different sites in Yunnan Province in 2012 and 2013. Among the 21 wheat lines carrying single Yr gene, 15 lines of combined genes, as well as 67 commercial wheat cultivars, wheat lines carrying Yr27, Yr(7, 22, 23, Le1, Le2) and Yr(30, Sk, QYR3, QYR4, QYR5, QYR6, QYR7) have shown stable resistance at all nurseries both in 2012 and 2013. Yr15, Yr25, YrSu92 and Yr(27, Slk) were susceptible only in one of the 6 nurseries in the two years and only low disease indexes were recorded. Yr17, Yr18, Yr24, Yr26, Yr30, Yr32, YrA, YrSp, Yr(1, Ky1, Ky2), Yr(3a, V23, +), Yr(A, H), Yr(Ab, Alb), Yr(Gui1, Gui2, Gui3) and Yr(8, 19, Com) are susceptible either twice at the same nurseries or at two nurseries in one year, which indicated the initiation of the breakdown of resistance was conferred by these genes. Yr1, Yr2, Yr5, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr10, YrSu, Yr(3a, 4a, 16), Yr(3a, ND, +), Yr(10, Mor), Yr(17, 29, P1, P2), and Yr(Ju1, Ju2, Ju3, Ju4) are susceptible at two or more sites in the two years. It is noticeable that Yr5 and Yr 15, two of the resistant genes conferring immunity to yellow rust widely in other parts of China have already or started to lose the resistance. None of the 67 commercial wheat cultivars were resistant at the all 6 nurseries in the two years, which indicated the necessity to breed and deploy new resistant varieties.