基于磷平衡核算的畜禽粪便农田消纳研究

畜禽粪便在我国普遍作为肥料还田,但过量施用将带来面源污染.确定合理的施肥量,使得畜禽粪便在周边农田消纳的同时不带来环境风险.以北京市某种猪场为例,研究该猪场粪肥施入后农田磷平衡.综合肥料施入、秸秆还田、干/湿沉降、种子含磷等输入源以及作物收获、径流淋溶及土壤侵蚀等输出源,同时考虑农田合理磷盈余,计算得出该种猪场周边农田最佳磷施入量为46.45kg/（hm2·年）.该猪场实现种养平衡所需农田面积为50.48 hm2.该研究可为养殖场的粪便消纳及选址提供一种较可行的判定方法和思路.

Phosphorus Balance of Manure and Farmland Load in a Breeding Farm

Dung from breeding farm was widely used as fertility in farmland.However,superfluous dung would cumulate in the farmland and turn into latent contamination to surface water and ground water.Therefore,it is significant to ascertain the reasonable quantity of dung fertilized on the farmland.In this paper,a swine breeding farm was studied to discuss the phosphorus balance of manure and farmland load.Three aspects were considered in the phosphorus balance.1） The phosphorus imputes from dung,straw manure,atmospheric deposition,and seed.2） The phosphorus output by crop harvest,eluviating and corrading.3） Reasonable residual phosphorus.Results show that the proper phosphorus load of farmland was 46.45 kg/（hm2 · yr）,and 50.48 hm2 farmland were needed to receive all the dung from the swine breeding farm.This study provides a feasible means to estimate the balance between farmland and breeding farm.