高效微生物除臭剂在畜禽粪便堆制中的应用效果及其除臭机理研究

为探索治理畜禽粪便所产生恶臭气体对环境污染的新途径,本研究将筛选的数株高效除臭菌和纤维素分解菌群优化组合后制备成复合微生物除臭剂,研究其对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中的除臭效果和对堆肥物料特性的影响,定量分析不同阶段氮元素和硫元素的动态转化和损失途径,初步探讨其除臭机理。结果表明,复合微生物除臭剂具有高效除臭功能,在堆肥的前20 d对氨气和硫化氢的去除率高达70%和60%以上,同时使堆肥的pH、含水率和C/N降低,堆体的温度上升时间加快,高温持续时间延长;猪粪和鸡粪在堆肥第25和20天堆体温度达到最高,高于50 ℃持续15和20 d。堆肥结束时,与自然堆肥相比,微生物除臭剂减少了猪粪和鸡粪堆肥中25.84%和28.65%的氮元素损失,全氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO₃^--N)含量显著高于自然堆肥(P<0.05);同时促进硫元素向无机硫(SO₄^2-)形式转化, SO₄^2- 含量显著高于自然堆肥(P<0.05)。表明该微生物除臭剂具有高效稳定的除臭作用,并能减少堆肥肥效损失,促进堆肥腐熟,在资源化、无害化处理畜牧业废弃物和治理环境污染方面具有较大的应用潜力。

Effects of efficient microbial deodorizer in livestock manure composting and its deo-dorizing mechanism

To explore a new method of controlling environment pollution from malodorous gas produced by live-stock manure,several previously isolated efficient deodorizing and cellulose-decomposing microbes strains were grouped optimally as a compound microbial deodorizer;their effects on odor and compost characteristics during livestock manure composting were assessed.The dynamic changes and emissions of nitrogen and sulfur were analyzed during composting to explore the deodorizing mechanisms of the compound mix.The results showed that the compound microbial mix had outstanding deodorization capability with increased removal rates of NH 3 and H2 S to 70% and 60% respectively in the first 20 days,reduced pH,moisture content and carbon-nitrogen ratio,rapidly improved stack temperature and extended high temperature period of compost.Stack temperature of pig manure and chicken manure reached the highest value after 25 and 20 days respectively and the period a-bove 50 ℃ was maintained for 15 and 20 days,respectively.At the end of composting microbial deodorization reduced 25.84% and 28.65% N-loss of swine and chicken manure respectively and significantly increased (P <0.05)total nitrogen (TN)and nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N)in composts compared with natural composts.The microbial deodorizer promoted sulfur transformation into inorganic sulfur (SO4 2 - )and significantly increased (P <0.05)the SO4 2 - content.These results suggested that microbial deodorizers were able to efficiently reduce odor,reduce nutrient losses and accelerated compost maturity of livestock manure,as well as help amelioration environmental pollution.