甘肃小麦种质资源1BL/1RS易位系和HMW-GS分子检测及品质性状分析

小麦1BL/1RS易位系和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)是影响小麦加工品质的重要因素。为了明确甘肃小麦品种资源中1BL/1RS易位系的分布和HMW-GS组成情况,本研究采用多重PCR体系对552份小麦引进品种、育成品种和高代品系进行分子检测,分析了1BL/1RS和非1BL/1RS易位品种的容重、蛋白质、湿面筋、赖氨酸含量、SDS沉淀值等品质参数。结果表明:供试材料中检出1BL/1RS易位系202份,占总数的36.6%,冬小麦育成品种中易位系的分布频率(51.8%)显著高于引进品种(41.0%)和春小麦(31.1%)。Glu-1位点优质亚基Ax1/Ax2*、Dx5、Bx14和Bx7OE的分布比例依次是66.2%、52.5%、13.5%、1.0%,聚合多个优质亚基基因(位点)的品种频率较低。1BL/1RS易位和非1BL/1RS易位品种的容重和沉淀值参数差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。在遗传背景相似的情况下,Glu-B3位点的正常表达及Dx5优质亚基对1BL/1RS易位导致的品质变差有补偿作用。本研究结果对提高甘肃小麦品质改良效率具有科学指导意义和参考价值。

Gluten quality analysis with molecular markers of 1BL/1RS translocation line and HMW-GS in Gansu wheat germplasms

lBL/lRS translocation lines and high molecular weight glutenin subunitins (HMW-GS) play an important role in determining the processing quality of wheat. In order to identify the genetic information on wheat gluten quality in Gansu, a total of 552 Gansu wheat germplasms, including introduced ones, improved cultivars and advanced lines, were investigated for the distribution of 1BL/1RS translocation and the components of HMW-GS by using multiplex PCR. The protein content, wet gluten content, lysine content, SDS sedimentation volume and volume weight of some winter wheat cultivars were also tested. The results showed that 202 (36.6%) in the 552 wheat germplasms, were wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocations. The frequency of 1BL/1RS translocations in winter cultivars (51.8%) were higher than those in introduced cultivars (41.0%) and spring cultivars (31.1%). The frequencies of Ax1/Ax2*, Dx5, Bx14 and Bx7OE in Glu-1 loci were 66.2%, 52.5%, 13.5% and 1.0%, respectively. The frequency of combined multiple strong gluten subunits genes (loci) was low in Gansu wheat germplasms. The results of wheat quality test indicated that the volume weight and SDS sedimentation volume showed significant differences between 1BL/1RS translocation and non-1BL/1RS translocation lines (p<0.05). It was proven that with the same genetic backgrounds the gene expression of Glu-B3 loci and the high quality subunits Dx5 compensated for the defect quality caused by 1BL/1RS translocations. The results of this study can contribute to the improvement of wheat quality and the increase of wheat breeding efficiency in Gansu.