基因库中多花菜豆种子繁殖更新方法

取材于有特殊经济价值、常异花授粉作物多花菜豆，研究基因库中种子繁殖更新方法。连续３年，选用４个品种，设２５～２００株５种不同群体，采用人工授粉等５种授粉方法，以自然条件下风、虫自然传粉为对照。从农艺性状调查，染色体观察及同工酶分析方面进行研究。人工授粉后无变异现象，但结实率很低，只有２．１％左右，且成本昂贵；群体内昆虫自然传粉结实好，幼苗和籽粒变异率为１．３％和１．２％；单花序或单花套袋自交基本不结实，只有个别品种能结实（１％～２％）；对照生长最好，结实率最高，变异率也最大（幼苗１．７％、籽粒１．９％）；全封闭网棚蜜蜂传粉生长正常，变异率低（幼苗０．４％、籽粒０．７％），成本也较低；全封闭网棚自然传粉的产量低，折合每公顷只有３７８ｋｇ，其成本高于网棚放蜂者。从而明确了在内蒙古呼和浩特繁种，自然条件适宜可减轻选择压力；以全封闭网棚蜜蜂传粉效果最佳，可减少变异频率，防止外来花粉掺入；其群体大小一般以５０株为宜，是繁殖更新多花菜豆基因库种子切实可行的方法。

A Study on Renewal Method of Multiflorous Bean Seed Regeneration in Genebank

It was conducted to study the renewal method of multiflorous bean seed regeneration in genebank.Four varieties and five different groups (25-200 plants ) were used for 3 years in the research, and anemogamy and entomophilous pollination in nature was used as the check,and agronomical character, chromosomes and isoenzymes were studied.The result showed that setting ratio of multiflorous bean was only 2.1% and no variability in artificial pollination. The variability percentages of seedling and seed were 1 3% and 1 2% respectively in entomophilous pollination.The setting ratio was the best and variability percentage was the highest (1 7% seedling and 1 9% seed )in check. The development of beans was normal with a low variability ratio (0 4% seedling and 0 7% seed )in bee pollination of closed net shed and its yield only 378% kg/ha.The result indicated that the best method of multiflorous bean seed regeneratin from genebank should select bee pollination in closed net shed in Inner Mongolia because of low variability ratio and no outside anther available.