垄作对冬小麦、夏玉米产量和水分利用率的影响

试验于2005-2007年两年度在河南省浚县农业科学研究所试验田进行，设冬小麦、夏玉米一体化垄作和平作（对照）2个处理，重复2个周期。采用水分平衡法，研究了一体化垄作条件下冬小麦和夏玉米的产量和水分利用效率的变化。结果表明：冬小麦、夏玉米一体化垄作后，产量性状明显优于传统平作。垄作全年2季作物较平作增产9112～21688kg/hm2，增产幅度达45%～100%，其中，垄作冬小麦增产2425～5103kg/hm2，增产幅度为27%～59%，接续的夏玉米增产6687～16586kg/hm2，增产幅度达59%～128%；产量构成因素的变化表现为，冬小麦不育小穗数降低，成穗数增加，夏玉米果穗秃尖变短，2季作物的穗粒数和千粒重均增加。垄作节水效果显著，全年2季作物总耗水量降低61%～119%，水分利用效率提高113%～249%，其中垄作冬小麦耗水量降低92%～142%，水分利用效率提高132%～234%，接续的夏玉米耗水量降低37%～95%，水分利用效率提高103%～248%。

EFFECTS OF RIDGE CULTURE ON GRAIN YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF WINTER WHEAT AND SUMMER MAIZE

The experiment was carried out in experimental plot of Xunxian Agricultural Science Research Institute in Henan Prvince during 2005-2007. Two treatments of integrative ridge and flat  cultures for winter wheat and summer maize were repeated by two growth cycles. Yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat and summer maize by integrative ridge culture were determined by the way of water balance. The results showed that the yield traits of crops on integrative ridge culture were obviously superior to the traditional flat culture. Under ridged planting, the yield of the whole year crops was increased by 2425～5103kg/hm2 or by a rate of 27%～59%, among which it was 6687～16586kg/hm2 or 59%～128% higher than conventional flat culture of winter wheat yield, and the yield of the following summer maize was increased by 6687～11586kg/hm2 or by a rate of 59%～128%. Yield component showed sterility spike lets decreased in winter wheat, ear number increased, and ear’s bald length of summer maize decreased, and  grains per spike and 1000-grain weight of both crops increased. The water-saving effect of ridge culture was remarkable. In the whole year, the amount of water consumed by both crops was decreased by 61%～119% and WUE was increased by 113%～249% There was 92%～142% decrease in the amount of water consumption and 132%～234% increase in WUE for winter wheat, while it was 37%～95% decrease in the amount of water consumption and 103%～248% increase in WUE for the following summer maize.