吉林省玉米化肥投入现状与影响因素分析

基于吉林省东、中、西3个区域51个县(市)的3 060个农户的实证调查,分析玉米化肥投入现状及其影响因素。结果表明,吉林省玉米化肥投入量为245～655 kg/hm2,其中东部高、中、低地力水平化肥投入量比推荐施肥分别高11.0%、29.4%和34.6%;中部高、中、低地力水平化肥投入量比推荐施肥分别高18.9%、21.9%和39.2%;西部高、中、低地力水平化肥投入量比推荐施肥分别高41.7%、62.1%和74.3%。吉林省东、中、西部3个区域氮肥偏生产力分别为41.1、41.9和38.9 kg/kg,磷肥偏生产力分别为110.0、108.1和94.4 kg/kg,钾肥偏生产力分别为102.5、103.4和83.0 kg/kg。吉林省氮、磷、钾肥在减肥增效方面还有较大的提升空间,需进一步优化土壤作物管理系统,实现作物产量与效率的协同提高。

Analysis on the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Fertilizer Application in Maize in Jilin Province

Based on the empirical investigation of 3 060 farmers of 51 counties(cities) in east, central and west areas of Jilin province, the situation of fertilizer application and its effect on maize yield were evaluated. The results showed that fertilizer input in Jilin province was 245-655 kg/ha. Fertilizer input in the high, middle, and low soil fertility area in eastern Jilin province were 1.0%, 29.4% and 34.6% higher than recommended fertilization amount, respectively. Fertilizer input in the high, middle, and low soil fertility area in central Jilin province were respectively 18.9%, 21.9% and 39.2% higher than the recommended fertilization rate. Fertilizer input in the high, middle, and low soil fertility area in western Jilin province were respectively 41.7%, 62.1% and 74.3% higher than the recommended fertilization rate. In eastern, central, and western regions of Jilin province, partial factor productivity was 41.1, 41.9 and 38.9 kg/kg for N, 110.0, 108.1 and 94.4 kg/kg for P₂O₅, and 102.5, 103.4 and 83.0 kg/kg for K₂O respectively. There is still a large space for reducing the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and increasing fertilizer use efficiency in Jilin province. It is necessary to optimize crop-soil management system so as to realize the synergistic improvement of crop yield and efficiency.