不同草坪草凋萎和复苏期的蒸散特性研究

为在干旱和半干旱地区合理利用水资源,选取北方常用草坪草种草地早熟禾康尼、肯塔基、爱娃3个品种、多年生黑麦草和高羊茅进行控水试验,测量各草种的凋萎系数、控水试验期间的蒸散量、凋萎复水后恢复原状需要的天数。结果表明:凋萎系数与草坪草种类和品种显著相关,凋萎系数排序为高羊茅草地早熟禾多年生黑麦草。在亏水出现凋萎之后,各草坪草蒸散量随亏水程度加深而减小;蒸散特征曲线随亏水状态及草坪草种类不同而发生变化。各草种亏水程度与累积蒸散量成反比,与复水后恢复原状的时间成正比。其中,最耐旱品种爱娃的凋萎系数为116.0199g/kg,到达永久萎蔫的时间也比其他草种延期2d;草坪草最适宜灌溉时间应掌握在亏水导致部分叶片闭合出现凋萎症状到全部青枯之间。

Study on the evapotranspiration characteristics of different turfgrass species in wilting and recovery periods

In order to improve the reasonable utilization of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, sev eral common grass species in the north of China,including Kentucky bluegrass （Poa pratensis, cultivars. Con nie, Kentucky and Eva）, perennial ryegrass （Lolium perenne） and tall rescue （Festuca arundinacea） were select ed for the water controlled experiment. Three indexes,including the wilting coefficient, evapotranspiration in experiment period,and the number of wilting coeff was the high icients were significantl est, followed by Kentuc ter shortage, the evapotranspiration days for recover y correlated with ky bluegrass and decreased with after wilti the grass perennial ng,were measured. The results showed that the species ~ an ryegrass su d the wilting coefficient of tall fescue ccessively. After wilting cased by wa- the degree of shortag changed with the different states of water shortage and turfgrass was inversely proportional to accumulated evapotranspiration, but ting coefficient of the most drought-resistant species was Eva （116. other species. The proper time for irrigation was between the time by water shortage. species. e, and the evapotranspiration curve Each species＂ water shortage degree proportional to the time of recover. The wil0199 g/kg） ,which occurred 2 days later than of leaf cireumnutating and leaf wilting cased Key words.