农民工市民化指标体系及市民化程度测度——以上海市农民工为例

由于户籍制度等原因,中国农村劳动力转移依旧停留在"候鸟式"迁移阶段,没有真正实现市民化。测度农民工市民化程度并研究其影响因素,有助于统筹城乡发展并推进新型城镇化建设。基于上海市1 184份农民工调查数据,采用综合指标体系法构建农民工市民化指标体系,测算了农民工市民化程度,探讨上海市农民工市民化的影响因素。结果表明,农民工总体处在半市民化状态,而新生代农民工市民化程度略高于老一代农民工,其市民化程度分别为52.38和51.40。极低市民化状态农民工占比较低,仅为0.08%;较高市民化状态农民工占比较高,达54.48%;完全市民化状态的比例偏低,为1.69%。经济状况和基本素质为农民工市民化提供了可能,心理认知和社会接纳是农民工市民化的重要障碍因素。基于此,提出了提升农民工基本素质、消除就业歧视、推进户籍制度改革等政策建议。

The index system and the measurement of the urbanization of rural migrants: A case study of rural migrants in Shanghai

Due to the household registration system, the transfer of rural labor force in China still remains at the short-term migration phase and has not reached the full realization of urbanization. Measuring the urbanization degree of rural migrants and further research on the influencing factors are of great significance of balancing urban and rural developments and promoting the construction of new type of urbanization. Based on a survey data of 1 184 rural migrants in Shanghai and applying the aggregative indicator method, this paper established an urbanization index system and evaluated the urbanization degree of Shanghai. Results show that: 1) In general, the rural migrants are at a semi-urbanization status and the urbanization degree for younger generation is 52.38, slightly higher than that of the older generation, which is 51.40; 2) the number of the very low urbanization degree group is quite small, only 0.08%, and the number of the full urbanization group is also low, about 1.69%, while the number of the high urbanization degree group is relatively high, which reached 54.48%; and 3) high income opportunities and high life quality in big cities provide incentives for the urbanization process, while the psychological cognitive and social inclusion are the obstacles to the process of urbanization. Therefore, this paper suggests to improve the basic life quality for rural migrants, to eliminate employment discrimination, and to reform the household registration system.