普通野生稻和亚洲栽培稻核基因组的RFLP分析

 本研究通过对来自亚洲10个国家的122份普通野生稻（O.rufipogon Griff.，简称普野，下同）和76份亚洲栽培稻（O.sativa L.）的核DNA RFLP分析，探讨了中国普野与南亚、东南亚普野，普野与栽培稻以及籼粳之间的遗传分化关系。结果表明，籼粳分化是栽培稻核DNA遗传分化的主流。在核DNA分化上，中国普野可分为原始普野型，偏籼型和偏粳型；南亚普野只有原始普野型和偏籼型，没有偏粳型；东南亚普野有原始普野型和偏籼型，还可能有偏粳型。中国普野因地理分布不同，其遗传分化表现出多态性，江西东乡和湖南茶陵以及部分云南元江普野既不与籼稻聚在一起，又不与粳稻聚在一起，而独聚一类，其形态上亦比较原始，属于原始祖先型。广东、广西普野则表现为偏籼或偏粳。根据中国、南亚、东南亚普野的遗传分化关系，再次论证了中国和南亚（以印度为中心）是栽培稻起源演化的两个原始中心，并提出了籼粳演化应该是多途径的。

RFLP Analysis of Nuclear DNA in Common Wild Rice (O.rufipogon Griff.) and Cultivated Rice (O.sativa L.)

Genetic differentiation of 122 accessions of common wild rice (O.rufipogon Griff.) from China, South and Southeast Asia and 76 varieties of cultivated rice (O.sativa L.) was studied by nuclear DNA RFLP analysis. The results are as follows. The indica japonica differentiation is main trend in nuclear DNA differentiation in cultivated rice. The genetic diversity in common wild rice from China, South and Southeast Asia was found. By nuclear DNA RFLP analysis, Chinese wild rice could be classified into primitive type, indica like type and japonica like type, but there is no Japonica like type in wild rice from South Asia. In addition to the primitive type and indica like type, there could be Japonica like type in wild rice from Southeast Asia. The polymorphism of the genetic differentiation in Chinese wild rice was caused by their geographical distributions. All of the accessions from Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province, Chaling, Hunan Province and part accessions from Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province are clustered independently because they are not clustered into indica group or japonica group by nuclear DNA RFLP analysis and their morphological characteristics are relatively primitive, belonging to ancestral wild rice type. Those from Guangdong and Guangxi are japonica like or indica like type in nuclear DNA. According to the genetic differentiation of wild rice from China, South Asia and Southeast Asia, it is confirmed that China and South Asia (with India as center) are two primitive centers for the origin and evolution of cutivated rice and it is suggested a multi way of evolution in indica and japonica.