细菌素Echcin防治作物真菌病害、细菌病害的研究

 细菌素Echcin是本研究室从来自水稻的菊欧氏菌(Erwinia chrysanthemi)中分离提取的一种抗菌物质。本试验报道了Echcin防治作物细菌病害、真菌病害的研究。采用纸碟法测定了Echcin对5个属植物病原细菌共14个菌株的抑制作用,琼脂稀释法测定了Echcin对12种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,在此基础上开展了Echcin对番茄早疫病和稻白叶枯病的温室盆栽试验,同时开展了Echcin对小麦纹枯病的田间小区试验。研究结果表明:Echcin对5个属植物病原细菌、辣椒疫霉、苎麻疫霉、番茄早疫等病原真菌具有很强的抑制作用。Echcin喷雾2次,对番茄早疫病的盆栽防病效果为75.8%。Echcin拌种或后期喷雾1次,对小麦纹枯病的田间防效达60%以上,优于井冈霉素。

EFFECT OF ECHCIN ON CONTROL OF CROP FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES

Bacteriocin Echcin is an antagonistic substance with wide spectrum,which is extrac ted from Erwinia chrysanthemi on rice.The effect of Echcin on control of crops fungal and bacterial diseases were studied.The inhibitory activity of Echcin to 14 strains of phytopathogenic bacteria was tested using paper plate method.The sensitivities of 12 species of plant pathogenic fungi to Echcin were examined with agar diluting method.The control effects of Echcin to tomato early blight,to rice bacterial blight in greenhouse,and to wheat sharp eyespot in field were evaluated.Results show that Echcin has strong inhibitory activity to five genera of phytopathogenic bacteria and Phytophthora capsici,Phytophthora boehmeriae and Alternaria solani. Applying Echcin twice led to 75.8% reduction in the tomato early blight.With seed treatment or spraying once,Echcin showed over 60% control effect on the wheat sharp eyespot,which was superior to Jingangmycin.