“门当户对”的婚姻更幸福吗——以夫妻双方个人特征差距为视角

夫妻双方的年龄、受教育程度、收入以及户籍方面的差异会影响婚后的主观幸福感。夫妻双方的年龄差距越大，生活幸福感越弱，且这种影响更多地存在于男性和农业户籍人口中；夫妻双方的受教育程度差距虽然有利于女性主观幸福感的提升，却会恶化男性的主观幸福感；夫妻双方的收入差距越大，生活幸福感越强，且对于女性和农业户籍人口而言，收入差距对生活幸福感的影响更为显著；与夫妻双方都是农业户籍相比，夫妻双方都是非农业户籍的幸福感更强。夫妻双方的个人特征差异对婚后主观幸福感的影响存在性别与户籍差异。     

Alpha-shape算法构建枣树点云三维模型

为了实现枣树智能化修剪作业，该研究提出了基于点云配准的自然光照环境下的果树三维重构方法，并针对传统最近点迭代（Iterative Closest Point，ICP）算法对待配准点云的空间位置要求苛刻的问题，提出了改进的点云配准算法。首先，使用彩色深度（RGB-D）相机采集不同角度下的枣树彩色和深度图像，并通过信息融合实现相应角度下的点云获取。其次，对点云进行背景去除和滤波处理，基于直方图设定分割阈值，提取单株枣树点云，并将放置在树根附近的标靶球作为标记，使用人工标记法进行两站点云初配准。最后，在初配准基础上计算点云的曲面法向量和曲率，由曲率相近的点构成配对点对，使用k维树最近点迭代（k dimensional-tree-Iterative Closest Point，kd-tree-ICP）算法完成精配准，对点云使用Alpha-shape算法面片化，实现表面重构。利用上述方法对多棵枣树进行全局配准并完整重构果树模型。试验结果表明，通过引入初配准，有效提高了点云配准的准确性和稳定性，配准误差均控制在1.0 cm以内，平均配准误差为0.78 cm；重构模型真实感较强，在外观上更加接近真实树，枝干相对误差控制在7%以内。该研究重构模型精度较高，可为枣树智能修剪提供可视化研究基础和技术支持。     

茶树非主要农作物品种登记要求及进展

茶树品种是茶产业发展的基础。改革开放40年来我国育成了大批的优良茶树品种,为产业发展发挥了重要作用。新《种子法》和《非主要农作物品种登记办法》要求茶树进行非主要农作物品种登记。本文介绍了非主要农作物品种登记的对象、条件、需提交材料和登记程序,重点讨论了茶树品种登记前要准备的具体材料,简单分析了2018-2019年已经完成登记的48个茶树品种的基本情况,并对未来茶树品种登记提出了3点建议。     

Over 40% of 450 registered wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) worldwide are composed of multiple biotypes

Many of 450 common wheat cultivars bred and registered during the twentieth century in 12 countries were proved, due to seed-by-seed analysis, to be composed of two or more biotypes differing in their alleles at the gliadin (Gli) loci. These multiple biotypes may be regarded as authentic progeny of the respective parent lines, as evidenced by the gliadin composition of the respective parents. Therefore, the official claim for each cultivar to be uniform is commonly not maintained in practice. The most frequent was a non-uniform cultivar composed of two biotypes differing at one Gli locus, but there were cultivars represented by a large set of related genotypes differing at several Gli loci. The proportion of the multi-biotype cultivars was never less than 15% for a country collection, exceeding 50% in other countries. This proportion differed significantly between neighbouring countries. In Australia, all multi-biotype cultivars were found in eastern states; in the state of Victoria, their frequency was statistically higher than in the rest of the country. The proportion of multi-biotype cultivars among newly-released cultivars decreased with time in Australia and the UK. Thus, the non-uniformity of registered cultivars represents a general and important phenomenon of common wheat as a crop.     

《森林资源资产抵押登记办法(试行)》的理解与适用

《森林资源资产抵押登记办法(试行)》于2004年7月5日发布,是国家林业局的第一个比较系统地针对森林资源资产抵押登记问题作出的具体规定。文章分析了森林资源资产抵押实行登记制度的法理和法律依据,指出了森林资源资产抵押的具体范围、抵押合同的形式要件和实质要件,应当遵循的具体程序以及抵押登记机关的职责等,建立健全森林资源资产抵押登记管理办法,具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。     

基于宗地代码的不动产统一代码编制规则研究

《不动产登记暂行条例》的出台,标志着不动产登记将进入全新的阶段,不动产登记数据库也将进入全面整合阶段。文章对不动产数据库建设的其中一个技术关键点—登记单元的编码规则进行研究探讨,通过对比分析现行土地、房屋、林地登记中登记单元的特点及编码方式,结合不动产统一登记中登记单元的特点,整合各部门编码规则,提出了适用于不动产登记的统一代码编制规则建议方案,客观总结方案存在的局限性,为后续研究及应用提供参考。     

Public health effects of accidents in self-employed forestry work

Little is known about the extent of work-related accidents occurring during the performance of forestry work by the non-industrial private forest owner or their assistant (hereafter called self-employed NIPF). The absence of an effective accident registration system largely excludes this group from accurate representation in official statistics. In this study, data from 1996 to 2001 were collected from hospital injury records managed by the Umeå Accident Analysis Group at the University Hospital in Umeå. During that period, it was found that 485 persons in the Umeå region were given medical attention due to injuries possibly acquired during self-employed forestry work. Questionnaires about the accidents were sent to each of the 485 injured persons and 80% were returned. Responses revealed that 225 of the respondents were injured during self-employed forestry work. Out of these, 81% performed fewer than 31 days of forestry work annually. Due to the injury, 29% had been on sick leave for some period of time and 42% had persistent symptoms. On average, each injury led to 13 days of sick leave and 24 hours of institutional care. Firewood production was shown to be a key factor behind the large number of accidents for self-employed NIPF. Further studies on the lack of knowledge about how the work should be done and conscious risk taking should be considered as an important link to the development of effective accident prevention strategies.     

基于KNN方法的大兴安岭地区森林地上碳储量遥感估算

【目的】采用 KNN方法进行碳储量估测,并对估测后的数据进行各种校正处理,绘制森林地上碳储量的空间分布图,为我国森林碳储量和固碳潜力的研究提供基础数据和科学依据。【方法】以黑龙江省大兴安岭为研究区(50°05'—53°33'N,121°11'—127°01'E),基于2010年森林资源连续清查固定样地和同年 Landsat5 TM 影像数据,利用 k－邻近法( KNN)在像素级水平上对森林地上碳储量进行估算。采用多准则方法分东、南、北和中4个区域对样地坐标和其对应的影像光谱值进行坐标重配准,并根据实测样地数据对坐标重配置前后不同林分类型地上碳储量估测精度进行评价;针对 KNN方法像素级估测结果存在明显的高值区域低估和低值区域高估现象,应用直方图匹配方法对估测结果进行变动范围调整;并根据样地实测碳储量和 KNN 估测值间的回归关系对调整后的结果分区域进行进一步匹配校正后处理,绘制森林碳储量的空间分布图。【结果】总体来说,本研究区域像元尺度KNN估测的欧式距离优于马氏距离,均方根误差随着最邻近值 k的增大而降低,当 k大于6时变化缓慢,并逐渐趋于稳定;坐标误差校正后,各林分类型森林地上碳储量的估测精度均显著提高,平均均方根误差由17.23降低到14.3 t·hm －2;直方图匹配后,各区域样地点高值区域低估和低值区域高估现象均有很大程度改善,实测值和估测值间的相关关系明显增强,然而高值地区(碳储量大于20 t·hm －2)出现过高估计现象;经匹配校正后处理的均值、标准差、直方图和累积频率分布图更接近样地实测值,均方根误差也明显降低,高值地区过高估计现象得到很好校正。【结论】森林资源清查数据、遥感数据及 KNN方法相结合逐渐成为区域尺度森林参数空间连续估测的重要手段。同利用光谱值和森林参数建立的回归模型相比,KNN方法能够更多地考虑到森林参数同光谱值之间的非线性依赖关系;但 KNN估测方法除了受距离度量标准、最邻近值 k的大小以及影像波段的选取等因素影响外,还存在如样地坐标和对应的影像光谱值匹配误差、像素级估测结果多呈明显集中分布趋势等问题,使得该方法的应用受到一定限制。本文的研究表明,对这些因素进行合理的校正,将更有利于区域尺度森林参数的精确估计和反演。     

2019年及近年我国农药登记情况和特点分析

总结、分析了2019年及近年我国农药登记的基本情况和特点。最近7年来,每年微毒/低毒农药登记数量与当年农药登记总量的比值,及与本年度新增登记数量的比值均持续上升,其比值的年均值分别为82.0%和93.4%;环境友好的剂型在迅速增加,悬浮剂与本年度新增产品登记数量的比值一直处于领先位置,可分散油悬浮剂的比值增长突显,乳油比值在逐年递减;杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂3大类农药登记数量与本年度新增登记数量的比值趋向显著平均;低风险的新农药登记数量在不断增加,生物源农药登记数量增长稳定,5年来其有效成分和产品的年均增长率分别为9.88%和9.46%。从政策和技术上促进特色小宗作物用药登记产品数量快速增加。上述特点表明,我国农药正朝着有利于人畜健康和生态环境安全的方向发展。     

近10年重庆两系水稻应用性分析

与三系杂交水稻相比,两系水稻具有育种效率高、繁制种成本低、丰产优势强、品质相对优等优势,近年来在以重庆为代表的长江流域稻区得以迅速发展。为明确重庆市两系稻产业现状及发展趋势,本文统计了2006—2015年10年间重庆市两系水稻的种植面积、主推品种及两系品种的审定情况。结果显示,10年间两系稻在种植面积上呈明显的增长态势,2014年占水稻种植总面积的17.2%,推广面积最大的两系水稻品种是‘Y两优1号’和‘深两优5814’。在品种推广上,两系主导品种比例由2006年的5.9%上升到2015年的31.3%,且两系主导品种全为优质稻品种;在品种审定上,10年间重庆市审定(认定)的两系稻品种几乎全部为市外育种单位选育的品种,重庆市内农业科研单位在两系稻品种审定上一直保持着零的记录。