拥挤度和杀虫剂对蚜虫翅型分化和生长繁殖的影响

[目的]为了全面评价田间杀虫剂对害虫的非致死作用,[方法]我们选择了亚致死剂量吡虫啉和种群拥挤作为处理因子,测度了大豆蚜的产蚜量、成蚜寿命、若蚜历期及有翅蚜数量等指标,评价两个因子对蚜虫的寄主植株上种群的增殖力和转移扩散风险的影响性质及大小。[结果]结果表明：亚致死剂量吡虫啉对大豆蚜植株上种群有明显降低繁殖率的作用,从而有效减轻本地危害；另外,用药导致有翅蚜的数量显著降低,能降低蚜虫转移为害的风险。拥挤降低了第一代蚜虫种群的繁殖力,对第二代种群繁殖力没有显著影响。另一方面,拥挤造成有翅蚜数量增加,会增加蚜虫转移为害的风险。药剂和拥挤存在显著交互作用。[结论]研究表明：亚致死剂量的吡虫啉会降低大豆蚜后代的在原植株上的为害和转移为害,拥挤会消减药剂在植株上的控害作用,也会增加蚜虫转移为害的风险。     

Use of fluorescence to determine reduction in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nymph feeding when exposed to cyantraniliprole and imidacloprid through systemic applications

The Bemisia tabaci whitefly is an important pest of many agricultural crops. Direct feeding by this pest can cause physiological plant symptoms including irregular ripening in tomatoes and silverleaf disorder in squash. In addition, B. tabaci can transmit more than 100 plant viruses that cause severe diseases that affect crop yield and quality. Insecticides are often applied to control this pest and they may be applied to the foliage and/or to the soil. Insecticides that kill quickly or cause feeding cessation reduce the damage caused by B. tabaci on the host plant most effectively. In this study fluorescence was used to assess B. tabaci feeding and to determine the effect of systemically applied insecticides on feeding by the pest. Cyantraniliprole (Verimark™) and imidacloprid (AdmirePro^®) produced a rapid reduction in B. tabaci feeding. At 24 h after a systemic application, the percentage of whitefly nymphs still feeding in plants treated with cyantraniliprole (anthranilic diamide) and imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) were 19% and 33%, respectively. Both products showed a good reduction in insect feeding and since they have different modes of action they should be considered as rotational partners for B. tabaci control in areas where there is no resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. While the fluorescein sodium salt cannot be used to trace the uptake of insecticides, it has been shown to reliably demonstrate feeding cessation of whitefly nymphs after foliar and systemic applications of insecticides.     

竹腔注射吡虫啉在雷竹体内的分布动态研究

建立超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定吡虫啉含量的分析方法,并测定经竹腔注射后其在雷竹体中的分布.结果表明,竹腔注药后,吡虫啉在雷竹体内向上具体有较好的传导、分布性能,但向下不传导;竹腔注药后第8 d竹叶中吡虫啉含量达到最大值;吡虫啉在竹子体内残留期较长,注药后65 d,竹叶中吡虫啉含量为0.237μg·g-1,注药后89 d时,竹叶中依然可检测到吡虫啉存在,但含量小于0.05 μg·g-1.吡虫啉在竹子体内不向下传导特性证明该农药竹腔注射不会对竹笋的品质产生影响.     

Considerations for the use of neonicotinoid pesticides in management of Bactericera cockerelli (Šulk) (Hemiptera: Triozidae)

Bactericera cockerelli is a pest on multiple solanaceous crop plants and is the sole vector for the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous. When the pathogen is present, feeding by these psyllids results in ‘vein greening’ disease in peppers and tomatoes, and “zebra chip” disease in potatoes. Currently, management is based entirely on the application of pesticides, including two neonicotinoid compounds. Populations of B. cockerelli collected in southern Texas in 2006 and 2012 were examined for reduced susceptibility and behavioral responses to imidacloprid.Tests comparing imidacloprid and thiamethoxam demonstrated that both can reduce nymph numbers in the field, but retention and effective periods vary among application methods and compounds. In addition, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are both sensitive to the amount of water applied during irrigation. Collectedly, these results suggest that imidacloprid is unlikely to be effective in controlling B. cockerelli in south Texas. Moreover, its use needs to be carefully considered in other locations even where resistance has not yet been detected. Finally, thiamethoxam may be useful, but careful attention must be paid to irrigation and rainfall level, application method, and timing of application.     

Comparison of spinetoram,imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole against life stages of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on concrete

Spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole are new insecticides with novel mode of actions, low mammalian toxicity and low impact to environment. In the present study, the efficacy of these insecticides was tested against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on concrete. Among the tested insecticides, spinetoram proved to be more effective, providing complete control of T. confusum adults and young larvae after 14 days of exposure. For the young larvae, thiamethoxam at the highest dose and chlorantraniliprole at both doses were equally effective with spinetoram. On the other hand, none of the tested insecticides were able to control T. confusum pupae. Moreover, none of the insecticides had ovicidal effect, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole in some combinations. From the mobile life stages, the most tolerant life stages were old larvae and the most susceptible young larvae. The presence of food (flour) moderated T. confusum mortality. From the results of the present study, we can conclude that spinetoram, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole showed potential and need be further evaluated for surface treatments in stored product facilities. Our work underlined the need for good cleaning and sanitation procedures in warehouses and food processing facilities.     

2种选择性农药刺激稻纵卷叶螟产卵的研究

[目的]探讨选择性农药是否是稻纵卷叶螟再猖獗的诱导因素。[方法]在盆栽和田间试验中,以武运粳7号为供试水稻品种,分别采用不同浓度的25%扑虱灵和10%吡虫啉对稻纵卷叶螟2龄和4龄期的幼虫进行喷雾处理,研究这2种选择性农药对稻纵卷叶螟产卵的影响。[结果]在稻纵卷叶螟幼虫2龄期用扑虱灵300.0、112.5、60.0 g/hm2进行喷雾处理能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵;在稻纵卷叶螟幼虫4龄期用吡虫啉60.0 g/hm2喷雾处理也能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵,并且其成虫产卵量与对照相比显著增加。[结论]扑虱灵和吡虫啉能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵,是稻纵卷叶螟再猖獗的诱导因素之一。     

液相色谱法分析烟草中吡虫啉

建立了一种测定烟草中吡虫啉的简单、有效的高效液相色谱法,该方法以丙酮在超声波辅助下提取样品,保证了吡虫啉的提取效率;使用C18处理柱净化样品,有效地消除了干扰物的影响;采用梯度洗脱方式进行分离与测定,改善了色谱峰形。     

吡虫啉对小十三星瓢虫幼虫-枸杞蚜虫的时间-剂量-死亡率模拟分析

进行了吡虫啉对小十三星瓢虫幼虫-枸杞蚜虫的综合作用研究,所获数据经时间-剂量-死亡率模型分析,结果表明,吡虫啉对枸杞蚜虫药后1 d的各致死浓度:LC50~LC99为3.0255~17.5711μg/mL,药后5 d的LC50~LC99为0.6551~3.8036μg/mL;对小十三星瓢虫幼虫药后1 d的各致死浓度:LC50~LC99为1.8655~21.9584μg/mL,药后4 d的LC50~LC99为0.4811~5.6624μg/mL;致死浓度和致死时间,两者互为函数关系;进一步研究了吡虫啉直接处理后不同时间的小十三星瓢虫幼虫对蚜虫的取食量,高剂量处理的捕食量小于低剂量处理的捕食量,且日捕食量随时间延长而减少。     

枸杞中吡虫啉、阿维菌素农药残留量的测定

建立了高效液相色谱法分析枸杞中吡虫啉、阿维菌素残留量的方法。样品采用酸性乙腈溶液提取，以高效液相色谱法分离检测，面积外标法定量分析，吡虫啉标准曲线的线性关系系数为0．9997，阿维菌素为0．9995，线性范围为10．0～1000μg／L。枸杞中吡虫啉平均回收率92．0％～110％，最小检测浓度0．047μg／kg；阿维菌素平均回收率86．0％～98．0％，最小检测浓度0．33μg／kg。该分析方法具有良好的重现性，定量结果的相对标准偏差均小于10％，可满足检测分析要求。     

宁夏枸杞种植区吡虫啉施用情况调查分析

2012年对宁夏枸杞种植区吡虫啉的施用情况进行调查分析表明,枸杞蚜虫是宁夏枸杞种植地区主要的防治对象,而吡虫啉是多年以来防治枸杞蚜虫的最重要药剂之一,枸杞园平均每年施用吡虫啉5~6次,各枸杞种植区吡虫啉施用浓度逐年加大的现象普遍存在。