苔藓植物生态学研究的数量分析方法

植被数量分析方法在苔藓植被中的应用起步较晚，仅有20多年的研究历史，但发展却十分迅速。这里介绍了目前苔藓植物生态学研究中应用较为普遍的数量分析方法，并探讨了各自的优缺点。     

Bryophytes as potential indicators of forest integrity

Forest integrity has been proposed as one conservation endpoint that integrates desirable characteristics such as natural biodiversity, stand structure and continuity. Although its defining criteria are still under discussion, any surrogates must effectively represent or predict their status, and be easier to measure than the criteria themselves. Bryophytes have been proposed as such surrogates, because they are important components of forest integrity, and considerable research indicates that some groups are sensitive to the changes associated with specific forest management regimes. The objectives of this paper are (1) to review the issues in determining indicators of forest integrity, including desirable qualities in such indicators, (2) to review the state of knowledge concerning bryophytes as components of forest integrity (i.e. their responses to forest management practices), and (3) to assess bryophytes as potential indicators of forest integrity, in terms of both qualities desirable in indicators and our understanding of bryophyte response patterns. Although bryophytes possess some characteristics that suggest potential indicator value, many challenges prevent their reliable application. I highlight key areas in which research is required to identify operational bryophyte indicators of forest integrity. Along with a standardized protocol to select and calibrate such indicators, we urgently require strategic research to compile data on undisturbed reference forests on which to base selection of endpoints; species-specific ecological tolerances, with consideration of complex interactions; mechanisms of response to disturbance, with consideration of temporal aspects; population viability thresholds; and recruitment effects on community assembly. Whether we succeed in finding bryophyte indicators of forest integrity, this research would also provide the data to monitor and interpret the integrity of the bryophyte community.     

四川盆周西缘山地典型人工林下苔藓和凋落物的持水特性

为了解人工林生态系统的持水性特征,采用野外实地观测和室内浸水法对3种主要人工林下苔藓和凋落物层（未分解层、半分解和分解层）的持水特性进行了研究。结果显示：①苔藓层蓄积量以混交林最高（0．52 t· hm-2）,柳杉林最低（0．10 t· hm-2）;凋落物层均以楠木林最高,柳杉林最低。②柳杉和水杉林间、楠木和混交林间苔藓层最大持水性差异均不明显;柳杉和水杉林凋落物半分解层和已分解层最大持水率大于未分解层,而楠木和混交林则是未分解层大于半分解层和已分解层。③各林分苔藓层吸水速率到2h后均趋于平缓,凋落物半分解层和已分解层与未分解层均在6 h后趋于平缓,苔藓和凋落物层吸水速率与浸泡时间符合V＝kt b 关系,经检验达显著水平。     

The bryophyte layer in a calcareous grassland after a decade of contrasting mowing regimes

Analysis of variance and redundancy analysis were used to study the effects of mowing regime and herb canopy structure on the bryophyte layer of a calcareous grassland in southern Belgium. Species richness in mown and control plots did not significantly differ. In control plots, a number of grassland species were able to survive within a grassy-shrubby fringe 15 years after shrub cutting. This suggests that there might be a time-lag of at least 20 years before cessation of mowing results in a significant decrease in species number per m². Mown plots were mostly characterized by the almost complete cover of large pleurocarps. Mowing resulted in almost continuous herb and moss layers that were unfavourable for a number of annual bryophytes, many of which are of high conservation interest. It is suggested that grazing, which increases the number of species, especially the number of pioneers, is likely to be more beneficial to bryophytes.     

Bryophytes on tree trunks in natural forests, selectively logged forests and cacao agroforests in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Forest disturbance and transformations into agricultural land alter tropical landscapes at drastic rates. Here, we investigate bryophyte assemblages on trunk bases in natural forest, selectively logged forest and cacao agroforests that are shaded by remnants of natural forest in Central Sulawesi. Overall, bryophyte richness per site did not differ between forest types. However, mosses and liverworts reacted differently in that moss richness was lowest in cacao agroforests, whereas liverwort communities were equally rich in all forest types. In terms of cover, mosses remained unaffected while liverwort cover decreased significantly in disturbed forest. Species composition of bryophytes clearly changed in cacao agroforests as compared to natural forests and selectively logged forests. In particular some drought-sensitive species were rare or absent in cacao agroforests and were replaced by drought-tolerant ones, thus underlining the importance of microclimatic changes. Moreover, differences in bryophyte species composition between large and small trees were only pronounced in cacao agroforests, presumably due to concomitant changes in stemflow of precipitation water. In conclusion, the bryophyte assemblages of selectively logged forests and cacao agroforests were as rich as in natural forest, but species turn-over was particularly high towards cacao agroforests probably due to microclimatic changes. Maintenance of shade cover is crucial to the conservation of the drought-sensitive forest species.     

不同培养液中3种藓类光合色素含量比较

光合色素是客观反映植物利用光照能力的一类重要指标,往往可以作为判断植物光合生理能力、反映环境胁迫状况的重要指标[1-3].     

流式细胞术测定5种苔藓植物的基因组大小

作为藻类和维管植物之间的过渡类群,苔藓植物不仅占有重要的进化地位,它同时可作为园艺上的观赏植物。目前对很多苔藓植物的培养条件、基因组大小等信息非常缺乏,且已进行基因组测序的苔藓物种较少,这些都严重制约了苔藓植物系统学的研究和资源利用。本研究以基因组大小为942 Mb的野生番茄(Solanum pennellii)为内标,采用流式细胞术对5种苔藓植物的基因组大小进行测定,结果表明,拟短月藓(Brachymeniopsis gymnostoma)的基因组大小约为391.40 Mb,绒叶青藓(Brachythecium velutinum)的基因组大小约为386.96 Mb,尖叶梨蒴藓(Entosthodon wichurae)的基因组大小约为441.01 Mb,桧叶白发藓(Leucobryum juniperoideum)的基因组大小约为493.21Mb,明叶藓(Vesicularia montagnei)的基因组大小约为337.94Mb。本研究为苔藓植物的全基因组测序、分子生物学研究、亲缘进化研究以及园艺苔藓品种开发和育种等方面提供重要信息。     

苔藓在森林中的生态地位评价

调查测定不同林型的苔藓地被层的生物量和持水量，结果表明，苔藓在杜鹃林内的生物量最大，在人工落叶松林内最少。苔藓层具有接近自身重量5倍的持水量能力，苔藓层在森林系统中能起到维持水分供应平衡的作用。保护冻土层的绝缘作用和对降水具有缓冲滞留作用。并提出保护和深入研究苔藓的建议。     

新疆苔藓植物的染色体观察

报道了进行苔藓植物细胞学研究的方法和５种新疆产的苔藓配子体生长点细胞有丝分裂中期的染色体数：（１）银藓Ａｎｏｍｏｂｒｙｕｍ ｆｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ（Ｄｉｃｋｓ．）Ｈｕｎｓｎ．,ｎ＝１０;（２）细叶真角藓Ｂｒｙｕｍ ｃａｐｉｌｌａｒｅ Ｌ．ｅｘＨｅｄｗ．,ｎ＝１０;（３）柔叶真藓Ｂｒｙｕｍ ｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｅ Ｈｏｏｋ．,ｎ＝１０;（４）牛角藓Ｃｒａｔｏｍｅｕｒｏｎ ｆｉｌｉｃｉｎｕｍ（Ｈｅｄｗ．）Ｓ     

Bryophytes in a changing landscape: The hierarchical effects of habitat fragmentation on ecological and evolutionary processes

Testing the myriad predictions associated with the community, demographic and genetic impacts of habitat fragmentation remains a high conservation priority. Many bryophyte taxa are ideal model systems for experimentally testing such metapopulation-based and population genetic predictions due to their relatively fast colonisation-extinction rates, high substrate specificity, dominant haploid condition, and diminutive size. Herein, we review the community, demographic and population genetic impacts of habitat fragmentation on bryophytes, highlight the present knowledge gaps, and offer ideas on how experimental studies utilizing bryophytes may be used to address the broader conservation implications associated with fragmented ecosystems. Previous research suggests that dispersal limitation best explains observed patterns of abundance and distribution of bryophytes in some fragmented habitats. However, edge effects influence bryophyte community structure of border habitats especially where abrupt differences in micro-climatic conditions between the matrix and the forest remnant exist, or where the species pool contains members with inherently restricted ecological amplitudes. Existing studies do not agree on the relationship between basic attributes of bryophyte community structure (i.e., species richness and local density), and habitat area and degree of spatial-isolation. Demographic studies are a critical step in structuring conservation strategies, however surprisingly little empirical information exists as to the impacts of habitat fragmentation on plant population dynamics. We propose that bryophytes offer great potential for testing predictions with respect to plant population persistence in spatially-structured landscapes.