从嘉禾屯田到现代水稻发展

水稻农耕的发展推动了人类文明的进步,水稻成为嘉兴最重要的粮食作物。解决好吃饭问题始终是治国理政的头等大事。介绍了嘉兴（嘉禾）屯田的历史和作用,屯田的主要目的是解决军供和民食。简述了嘉兴现代水稻发展的成就及未来粮食发展的重要性,指出了对策。     

“四念四化”构建校企合作育人模式的探索与实践——以内蒙古商贸职业学院食品加工技术专业为例

食品加工技术专业是典型的应用型专业,人才培养目标是应用型高技能人才,其培养目标的关键是强化实践教学,搭建好校企合作平台,从而达到实践育人、协同育人的目的。内蒙古商贸职业学院食品加工技术专业以选择具有管理水平一流、生产工艺先进、研发能力领先的食品制造类高端企业,通过引企入校、工学交替、理实一体教学提高了学生的培养质量,同时创新形成了“四念四化”的教育教学模式。     

糯玉米改性淀粉的制备及其在速冻食品中的应用研究进展

糯玉米淀粉因独特的结构具有良好的冻融稳定性,在速冻食品中有着巨大的潜在利用价值,但原淀粉自身存在耐酸性、耐高温、耐剪切性较差等缺点,限制了其在食品工业中的应用。为了改善糯玉米淀粉的理化特性和加工性能,需要对原淀粉进行改性处理。概述了糯玉米淀粉常见的改性方法,介绍了糯玉米改性淀粉在速冻食品中的应用,并对糯玉米改性淀粉的研究现状和在速冻食品中的应用进行了分析和展望,为糯玉米改性淀粉在速冻食品中的应用提供一定的理论依据。     

Tomato brown rugose fruit disease: current distribution,knowledge and future prospects

Tomato is the most economically important fruit/vegetable crop grown worldwide. However, viral diseases remain an important factor limiting its productivity, with estimated quantitative and qualitative yield losses in tomato crops often reaching up to 100%. Many viruses infecting tomato have been reported, while new viral diseases have also emerged. The climatic changes the world is experiencing can be a contributing factor to the successful spread of newly emerging viruses, as well as the establishment of disease in areas that were previously either unfavourable or where the disease was absent. Because antiviral products are not available, strategies to mitigate viral diseases rely on genetic resistance/tolerance to infection, control of vectors, improvement in crop hygiene, roguing of infected plants and seed certification. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging viral threat to tomato productivity and is currently spreading into new areas, which is of great concern to the growing global production in the absence of mitigation measures. This review presents the current knowledge about ToBRFV and future prospects for an improved understanding of the virus, which will be needed to support effective control and mitigation of the impact it is likely to cause.     

Measuring fish catch and consumption: Practical methods for small‐scale fisheries based on length as an alternative to weight‐based approaches

Small‐scale fisheries are recognised as making important contributions to nutrition and economic development despite a lack of accurate quantitative information on catches and consumption. While direct measurement remains the most appropriate way of collecting such data, it is impractical at large scales. Instead, household surveys based upon informant recall of fish caught and/or consumed are frequently used. However, the accuracy of weight recall by informants (even over short recall periods) has not been established. Using data from household surveys, the accuracy and precision of catch and consumption estimates derived from: (a) asking informants to recall weights of fish caught and (b) asking respondents to recall lengths of fish caught and converting to weight were tested. Length‐based methods, using visual aids to assist recall, were more accurate, precise and correctable. These methods could be useful for catch estimation, especially where fish are processed, sold or consumed shortly after capture.     

低温等离子体活性水在食品领域的应用进展

低温等离子体活性水（Plasma-activated Water，PAW）中富含活性氧（ROS）、活性氮（RNS）等活性成分，并具有低pH、高氧化还原电位、高电导率等特殊理化性质，近年来逐渐成为一种新型的非热物理加工方式被应用到食品杀菌与保鲜领域。低温等离子体活性水不仅能有效杀灭食品中的微生物，包括细菌、酵母、霉菌等，还能维持食品本身的品质不受显著性破坏，并且具有操作简单、处理时间短、效率高等优点，可以广泛应用在于果蔬和水产品的保鲜及肉制品的加工工艺中，满足目前市场对绿色无公害的产品需求。本文综述了低温等离子体活性水在食品领域的应用进展，讨论了低温等离子体活性水对微生物的灭活机理、对食品营养品质和感官特性的影响及PAW目前的局限性和未来发展潜力。     

鱼腥草系列食品开发及其接受度评价

以新鲜鱼腥草为主要原料,设计开发鱼腥草辣椒酱、鱼腥草袋泡茶、鱼腥草饮料和鱼腥草纤维蛋糕四种鱼腥草系列加工食品,通过感官评价分析每个产品的风味特点和人群接受度。结果表明,鱼腥草搭配其他配料可以加工成酱、茶、饮料和蛋糕等产品,四个鱼腥草系列加工食品的风味各有特点,其中鱼腥草豆豉辣椒酱和鱼腥草粗纤维蛋糕的接受度较高。通过添加配料改善鱼腥草产品的风味,不但保留了鱼腥草的味道,而且使不喜食鲜鱼腥草的人群可以接受其加工型产品。     

The role of ear environment in postharvest susceptibility of maize to toxigenic Aspergillus flavus

A kernel screening assay (KSA) was used to assess the genetic and environmental effects on the vulnerability of maize to aflatoxin accumulation. Kernels of 26 inbred lines that had been grown in seven environments, and 190 lines of the Intermated B73xMo17 (IBM) population grown in one location in the United States, were inoculated with a toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated in the dark at 30°C for 6 days. Percent kernel colonization (PKC), sporulation and aflatoxin were influenced by the maize genotypes (G), the location (“ear environment” or E) and the GxE interactions. Overall, low broad‐sense heritabilities were observed for PKC, sporulation and aflatoxin. PKC was significantly correlated with sporulation in all environments. Aflatoxin was positively correlated with colonization for two and with sporulation for all ear environments. Higher grain sulphur or magnesium in IBM was associated with less colonization or aflatoxin. Postharvest susceptibility of maize to aflatoxin is thus influenced by factors that are modulated by the ear environment. In a KSA, sporulation could be a proxy test for aflatoxin accumulation.     

辣椒新品种“鄂椒香帅”的选育

"鄂椒香帅"是以BL8为母本,CA1324-4为父本育成的鲜食长线椒辣椒杂交一代品种。该品种植株生长势较强,株高55 cm,开展度52 cm,叶片绿色,卵圆形,少茸毛,单叶互生,分枝性较强且分枝处有紫色斑块,始花节位8~9节,花冠白色,花萼平展;坐果力较强,果实长28~32 cm,果实横径1.3 cm,果肉厚0.2 cm,果实长羊角形,椒条顺直,果面较光滑,三心室,单果质量约26 g,果色绿色,肉质脆,味辣,适合鲜食。抗疮痂病、中抗黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV),挂果性好,产量高;适合长江流域地区春夏季露地和高山栽培。     

我国稻田系统镉污染风险与阻控

过去30年的工业化和环保措施不到位导致我国部分地区农田土壤Cd污染较为严重。南方部分地区稻米Cd含量超标严重,危害农产品安全和人体健康。农田Cd不断输入、土壤酸化以及种植Cd积累能力较强的籼稻品种是部分地区稻米Cd含量超标的主要原因。我国人群Cd平均摄入量在过去30年里增加了一倍。本文综述了人体Cd摄入量的安全阈值,鉴于食用大米是我国人群Cd摄入的主要来源,重点介绍稻田系统控制稻米Cd积累的主要生物地球化学过程以及水稻Cd吸收积累与转运的分子遗传机制,在此基础上还建议了稻米Cd积累阻控的农艺和育种措施。